شیره

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian *šīrag. Compare Arabic شِيرَج (šīraj, “sesame oil”), borrowed from Middle Persian. By surface analysis, (šīr / šir, “milk”) +‎ (-a / -e, nominal suffix).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃiː.ˈɾa/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiː.ɾǽ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃiː.ɾǽ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃi.ɾǽ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiː.ɹé]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃi.ɾǽ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	šīra
Dari reading^?	šīra
Iranian reading^?	šire
Tajik reading^?	šira

Noun

شیره • (šīra / šire) (Tajik spelling шира)

sap; juice
Synonym: عصاره (osâre)

― šire-ye angur ― grape juice
- c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]‎^[1]:
  حوالی شهر همه کشاورزی و بساتین و اشجار بود و نیشکر بسیار بود، و درختان نارنج و ترنج و موز و لیمو و خرما، و در آن وقت شیره نیشکر می‌گرفتند.
  hawālī-yi šahr hama kišāwarzī u basātīn u ašjār būd u nayšikar bisyār būd, u diraxtān-i nāranj u turunj u mōz u līmū u xurmā, u dar ān waqt šīra-yi nayšikar mē-giriftand.
  In the environs of the city, everything was cultivated fields, gardens, and trees. Sugarcane was abundant, as were orange, citron, banana, lemon, and date trees. At the time, they were extracting the sap from the sugarcane.
new wine; newly extracted wine
short for (šire-ye teryâk, “opium juice”, a strong opiate derivative)
(figurative) vigor; sap

Descendants

→ Arabic:
- Gulf Arabic: شيرة (šīra, “syrup”)
- Hijazi Arabic: شيرة (šīra, “syrup”)
→? Gujarati: શીરો (śīro, “sort of pudding”)
→ Ottoman Turkish: شیره (şıra)
- Turkish: şıra (“must”)
- → Albanian: shirë
- → Armenian: շիրա (šira)
- → Bulgarian: шира́ (širá, “must”)
- → Macedonian: шира (šira, “must”)
- → Serbo-Croatian: šìra / шѝра (“must”)
Turkic:
- → Azerbaijani: şirə (“juice, sap”)
- → Kazakh: сыра (syra, “beer”)
- → Kyrgyz: сыра (sıra, “beer”)
- → Southern Altai: сыра (sïra, “beer”)
- → Tatar: сыра (sıra, “beer”)
  - → Kott: šera, sera, širá (“beer”)
- → Turkmen: şire (“juice, sap”)
- → Uzbek: shira (“juice, sap”)