عدو

Arabic

Root
ع د و (ʕ d w)
18 terms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.duww/

Noun

عَدُوّ • (ʕaduww) m (plural أَعْدَاء (ʔaʕdāʔ) or عِدًى (ʕidan) or عُدًى (ʕudan) or أَعَادٍ (ʔaʕādin), feminine عَدُوّ (ʕaduww) or عَدُوَّة (ʕaduwwa))

enemy; foe
Antonyms: صَدِيق (ṣadīq), حَلِيف (ḥalīf), خَلِيل (ḵalīl), نَصِير (naṣīr)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 43:67:
  الْأَخِلَّاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقِينَ
  al-ʔaḵillāʔu yawmaʔiḏin baʕḍuhum li-baʕḍin ʕaduwwun ʔillā l-muttaqīna
  Close friends, that Day, will be enemies to each other, except for the righteous.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 63:4:
  هُمُ ٱلْعَدُوُّ فَٱحْذَرْهُمْ
  humu l-ʕaduwwu faḥḏarhum
  They are the enemy, so beware of them.

Declension

Declension of noun **عَدُوّ** (ʕaduww)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عَدُوّ ʕaduww	الْعَدُوّ al-ʕaduww	عَدُوّ ʕaduww
nominative	عَدُوٌّ ʕaduwwun	الْعَدُوُّ al-ʕaduwwu	عَدُوُّ ʕaduwwu
accusative	عَدُوًّا ʕaduwwan	الْعَدُوَّ al-ʕaduwwa	عَدُوَّ ʕaduwwa
genitive	عَدُوٍّ ʕaduwwin	الْعَدُوِّ al-ʕaduwwi	عَدُوِّ ʕaduwwi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عَدُوَّيْن ʕaduwwayn	الْعَدُوَّيْن al-ʕaduwwayn	عَدُوَّيْ ʕaduwway
nominative	عَدُوَّانِ ʕaduwwāni	الْعَدُوَّانِ al-ʕaduwwāni	عَدُوَّا ʕaduwwā
accusative	عَدُوَّيْنِ ʕaduwwayni	الْعَدُوَّيْنِ al-ʕaduwwayni	عَدُوَّيْ ʕaduwway
genitive	عَدُوَّيْنِ ʕaduwwayni	الْعَدُوَّيْنِ al-ʕaduwwayni	عَدُوَّيْ ʕaduwway
plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural in ـًى (-an)‎; broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَعْدَاء‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي ʔaʕdāʔ‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī	الْأَعْدَاء‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِي al-ʔaʕdāʔ‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī	أَعْدَاء‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي ʔaʕdāʔ‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī
nominative	أَعْدَاءٌ‎; عِدًى‎; عُدًى‎; أَعَادٍ ʔaʕdāʔun‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādin	الْأَعْدَاءُ‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِي al-ʔaʕdāʔu‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī	أَعْدَاءُ‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي ʔaʕdāʔu‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī
accusative	أَعْدَاءً‎; عِدًى‎; عُدًى‎; أَعَادِيَ ʔaʕdāʔan‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādiya	الْأَعْدَاءَ‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِيَ al-ʔaʕdāʔa‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādiya	أَعْدَاءَ‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِيَ ʔaʕdāʔa‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādiya
genitive	أَعْدَاءٍ‎; عِدًى‎; عُدًى‎; أَعَادٍ ʔaʕdāʔin‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādin	الْأَعْدَاءِ‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِي al-ʔaʕdāʔi‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī	أَعْدَاءِ‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي ʔaʕdāʔi‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī

Derived terms

اَلْحَقُّ مَا شَهِدَتْ بِهِ ٱلْأَعْدَاءُ (al-ḥaqqu mā šahidat bihi l-ʔaʕdāʔu, proverb)
عَدُوُّ عَدُوِّي صَدِيقِي (ʕaduwwu ʕaduwwī ṣadīqī, proverb)

Descendants

Maltese: għadu
→ Northern Kurdish: edû
→ Persian: عَدو ('adu)
→ Swahili: adui
→ Somali: cadow
→ Tajik: адӯ (adü)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “عدو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ع د و
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic عَدُوّ (ʕaduww).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕduww/, /ʕduː/

Noun

عدو • (ʕduww, ʕdū) m (plural عديان (ʕadyān), feminine عدوة (ʕduwwa))

enemy, foe

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَدُوّ (ʕaduww)

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔa.ˈduː/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.d̪uː]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.d̪uː]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.d̪u]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæ.d̪uː], [ʔæ.d̪ov]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.d̪u]

Readings
Classical reading^?	adū
Dari reading^?	adū
Iranian reading^?	adu, adov
Tajik reading^?	'adu

Noun


Iranian Persian	عدو
Dari	عدو
Tajik	адӯ

a'dâ' • ('adu) (plural اعداء)

enemy, foe
Synonym: دشمن (došman)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 791:
  نیست خفاشک عدوی آفتاب
  او عدوی خویش آمد در حجاب
  nīst xufāš-ak 'adu-i āftāb
  ō 'adū-i xwēš āmad dar hajāb
  The little bat is not an enemy to the sun:
  it is an enemy to itself in the veil (of its own blindness).

References

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عدو”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim