عظم

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaṯ̣m-.

• IPA^(key): /ʕaðˤm/

عَظْم • (ʕaẓm) m (plural عِظَام (ʕiẓām) or أَعْظُم (ʔaʕẓum))

2. bone
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 75:3:

     أَیَحۡسَبُ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنُ أَلَّن نَّجۡمَع عِظَامَهُۥ.

     Thinketh man that We shall not assemble his bones?

   • a. 965 CE, Al-Mutanabbi, رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا (raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan):

     رَأَيْتُكَ تُوسِعُ ٱلشُّعَرَاءَ نَيْلًا / حَدِيثَهُمُ ٱلْمُوَلَّدَ وَٱلْقَدِيمَا
     فَتُعْطِي مَنْ بَقَى مَالًا جَسِيمًا / وَتُعْطِي مَنْ مَضَى شَرَفًا عَظِيمَا
     سَمِعْتُكَ مُنْشِدًا بَيْتَيْ زِيَادٍ / نَشِيدًا مِثْلَ مُنْشِدِهِ كَرِيمَا
     فَمَا أَنْكَرْتُ مَوْضِعَهُ وَلَٰكِنْ / غَبَطْتُ بِذَاكَ أَعْظُمَهُ ٱلرَّمِيمَا

     raʔaytuka tūsiʕu š-šuʕarāʔa naylan / ḥadīṯahumu l-muwallada wal-qadīmā
     fatuʕṭī man baqā mālan jasīman / watuʕṭī man maḍā šarafan ʕaẓīmā
     samiʕtuka munšidan baytay ziyādin / našīdan miṯla munšidihi karīmā
     famā ʔankartu mawḍiʕahu walākin / ḡabaṭtu biḏāka ʔaʕẓumahu r-ramīmā

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• Gulf Arabic: عظم (ʕaḏ̣am)
• Maltese: għadam
• Moroccan Arabic: عضم (ʕḍam)
• South Levantine Arabic: عضم (ʕaḍm)
• → Azerbaijani: əzm
• → Ottoman Turkish: عظم (azm)
  • Turkish: azm
• → Persian: عظم ('azm)

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.ðˤu.ma/

عَظُمَ • (ʕaẓuma) I (non-past يَعْظُمُ (yaʕẓumu), verbal noun عِظَم (ʕiẓam) or عَظَامَة (ʕaẓāma))

1. (intransitive) to be great

   إِلٰهِي إِنْ عَظُمَ الذَّنْبُ مِنْ عَبْدِكَ فَلْيَحْسُنِ العَفْوُ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ.

   ʔilāhī ʔin ʕaẓuma aḏ-ḏanbu min ʕabdika falyaḥsuni l-ʕafwu min ʕindika.

   My God if the wrongdoing of your worshipper has gotten great then let your forgiveness be splendid.

Compare عَظِيم (ʕaẓīm, “great, powerful, important”).

• IPA^(key): /ʕi.ðˤam/
• IPA^(key): /ʕuðˤm/

عِظَم or عُظْم • (ʕiẓam or ʕuẓm) m

1. verbal noun of عَظُمَ (ʕaẓuma) (form I)
2. greatness, magnitude, power
3. pomp
4. bulk, extent, thickness
5. importance
6. pride
7. crowd, multitude
8. (historical, medicine, pathology) enlargement of an organ (in nomenclature of conditions)

   Antonym: تَصَغُّر (taṣaḡḡur)

   عِظَم الكَبِد ― ʕiẓam al-kabid ― hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)

Form-II causative of عَظُمَ (ʕaẓuma).

• IPA^(key): /ʕaðˤ.ðˤa.ma/

عَظَّمَ • (ʕaẓẓama) II (non-past يُعَظِّمُ (yuʕaẓẓimu), verbal noun تَعْظِيم (taʕẓīm))

1. (transitive, causative) to make great

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “عظم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “عظم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

From Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.dˤim/, /ʕa.dˤum/

عَظِم or عَظُم • (ʕaḍim or ʕaḍum) m (construct state عَظْم (ʕaḍm), plural عظام (ʕiḍām))

2. bone

Learned borrowing from Arabic عَظَّمَ (ʕaẓẓama).

• IPA^(key): /ʕazˤ.zˤam/, /ʕaðˤ.ðˤam/

عظم • (ʕaẓẓam) II (non-past يِعَظِّم (yiʕaẓẓim))

1. (transitive, causative) to make great

Borrowed from Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm, “bone”), from Proto-Semitic *ʕaṯ̣m- (“bone”).

عظم • (ʼazm) (definite accusative عظمی (ʼazmı), plural عظام (ʼizâm))

1. bone, any of the components of an endoskeleton consisting of calcium phosphate and collagen

   Synonyms: استخوان (ustuhan), سوموك (sümük), كمیك (kemik)

• Turkish: azm

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “azm”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 405
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “azm”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[2] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 74
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عظم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 852
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Os”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1255
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عظم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 3284
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عظم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1307

Borrowed from Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).

عظم • ('azm)

1. bone

   Synonym: استخوان (ostoxân)

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عظم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Borrowed from Classical Persian عظم ('azm), from Arabic عَظْم (ʕaẓm).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)əzm/

عَظْم • ('azm) m (Hindi spelling अज़्म)

1. bone

• “عظم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “عظم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.