فرود
See also: قرود
Arabic
Etymology 1
Noun
فُرُود • (furūd) m pl
- plural of فَرْد (fard)
Etymology 2
Noun
فُرُود • (furūd) m
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | فُرُود furūd |
الْفُرُود al-furūd |
فُرُود furūd |
| nominative | فُرُودٌ furūdun |
الْفُرُودُ al-furūdu |
فُرُودُ furūdu |
| accusative | فُرُودًا furūdan |
الْفُرُودَ al-furūda |
فُرُودَ furūda |
| genitive | فُرُودٍ furūdin |
الْفُرُودِ al-furūdi |
فُرُودِ furūdi |
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (plwt' /frōt/, “down, downwards”),[1] from Old Persian [Term?] (/fravata/), from Proto-Iranian *frawata (“below, down”), an extension of *fra-wat- (“going forward”) (a compound of *fra- (“toward, forward”) + *-wánts (“adjectival suffix”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-wat- (with the suffix from Proto-Indo-European *-wénts (“adjectival suffix”)). Exact cognate with Sanskrit प्रवत् (pravat, “directed forwards or towards”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /fu.ˈɾuːd/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [fʊ.ɾuːd̪]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [fo.ɹuːd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [fu.ɾud̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | furūd |
| Dari reading? | furūd |
| Iranian reading? | forud |
| Tajik reading? | furud |
Audio (Iran): (file)
Adverb
فرود • (forud)
Noun
فرود • (forud)
References
- ^ Nyberg, H. S. (1974) A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 79b
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 60