مثال
Arabic
Etymology
From the root م ث ل (m ṯ l). Compare Hebrew מָשָׁל (“example, allegory”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi.θaːl/
Noun
مِثَال • (miṯāl) m (plural أَمْثِلَة (ʔamṯila) or مُثُل (muṯul) or مُثْل (muṯl))
- verbal noun of مَاثَلَ (māṯala) (form III)
- resemblance, anything equal or similar
- image, type, model, example, specimen
- pattern, standard
- form, formula, formulary
- simile, allegory, parable, fable, tale
- vision in a dream
- manner, method
- definite quantity
- order, command, written order
- retaliation
- (grammar) assimilated verb (beginning with و (w) or ي (y))
- bed, carpet
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | مِثَال miṯāl |
الْمِثَال al-miṯāl |
مِثَال miṯāl |
| nominative | مِثَالٌ miṯālun |
الْمِثَالُ al-miṯālu |
مِثَالُ miṯālu |
| accusative | مِثَالًا miṯālan |
الْمِثَالَ al-miṯāla |
مِثَالَ miṯāla |
| genitive | مِثَالٍ miṯālin |
الْمِثَالِ al-miṯāli |
مِثَالِ miṯāli |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | مِثَالَيْن miṯālayn |
الْمِثَالَيْن al-miṯālayn |
مِثَالَيْ miṯālay |
| nominative | مِثَالَانِ miṯālāni |
الْمِثَالَانِ al-miṯālāni |
مِثَالَا miṯālā |
| accusative | مِثَالَيْنِ miṯālayni |
الْمِثَالَيْنِ al-miṯālayni |
مِثَالَيْ miṯālay |
| genitive | مِثَالَيْنِ miṯālayni |
الْمِثَالَيْنِ al-miṯālayni |
مِثَالَيْ miṯālay |
| plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural triptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | أَمْثِلَة; مُثُل; مُثْل ʔamṯila; muṯul; muṯl |
الْأَمْثِلَة; الْمُثُل; الْمُثْل al-ʔamṯila; al-muṯul; al-muṯl |
أَمْثِلَة; مُثُل; مُثْل ʔamṯilat; muṯul; muṯl |
| nominative | أَمْثِلَةٌ; مُثُلٌ; مُثْلٌ ʔamṯilatun; muṯulun; muṯlun |
الْأَمْثِلَةُ; الْمُثُلُ; الْمُثْلُ al-ʔamṯilatu; al-muṯulu; al-muṯlu |
أَمْثِلَةُ; مُثُلُ; مُثْلُ ʔamṯilatu; muṯulu; muṯlu |
| accusative | أَمْثِلَةً; مُثُلًا; مُثْلًا ʔamṯilatan; muṯulan; muṯlan |
الْأَمْثِلَةَ; الْمُثُلَ; الْمُثْلَ al-ʔamṯilata; al-muṯula; al-muṯla |
أَمْثِلَةَ; مُثُلَ; مُثْلَ ʔamṯilata; muṯula; muṯla |
| genitive | أَمْثِلَةٍ; مُثُلٍ; مُثْلٍ ʔamṯilatin; muṯulin; muṯlin |
الْأَمْثِلَةِ; الْمُثُلِ; الْمُثْلِ al-ʔamṯilati; al-muṯuli; al-muṯli |
أَمْثِلَةِ; مُثُلِ; مُثْلِ ʔamṯilati; muṯuli; muṯli |
Descendants
- Hijazi Arabic: مثال (miṯāl)
- → Avar: мисал (misal)
- → Azerbaijani: misal
- → Bashkir: миҫал (miśal)
- → Baluchi: مثال (misál)
- → Crimean Tatar: misal
- → Kazakh: мысал (mysal)
- → Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: mîsal
- → Kyrgyz: мисал (misal)
- → Lezgi: мисал (misal)
- → Malay: misal
- Indonesian: misal
- → Ottoman Turkish: مثال (misâl)
- > Turkish: misal (inherited)
- → Classical Persian: مِثَال (misāl)
- → Tatar: мисал (misal), misal
- → Turkmen: mysal
- → Uyghur: مىسال (misal)
- → Uzbek: misol
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “مثال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[2], London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “مثل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Baluchi
Etymology
Noun
مثال • (misál)
See also
- نمونہ (namuna)
Hijazi Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| م ث ل |
| 1 term |
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /miˈθaːl/, [mɪˈθaːl]
- IPA(key): /miˈsaːl/, [mɪˈsaːl] (speakers with full /θ/ and /s/ merger)
Noun
مثال • (miṯāl) m (plural أمثلة (ʔamṯila))
See also
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic مِثَال (miṯāl).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /mi.ˈsaːl/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [mɪ.sɑːl]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [me.sɒːl̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [mi.sɔl]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | misāl |
| Dari reading? | misāl |
| Iranian reading? | mesâl |
| Tajik reading? | misol |
Audio (Iran): (file)
Noun
| Dari | مثال |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | мисол |
مِثال • (mesâl) (plural مثالها)
- example
- Synonym: نمونه (nemune)
- برای مثال ― barâ-ye mesâl ― for example
- parable
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume IV, verse 456:
- این مثال جان حیوانی بود / نه مثال جان ربانی بود
- in mesâl-e jân-e heyvâni bovad / na mesâl-e jân-e rabbâni bovad
- This is a parable of the animal soul, not a parable of the divine soul.
- resemblance, likeness
- c. 1260, ʿAṭā-Malik Juwaynī, translated by John Andrew Boyle, تاریخ جهانگشای [History of the World-Conqueror]:
- بحقیقت آن موضع واسطت مملکت ایشان است بر مثال مرکز و دایره.
- be-haqiqat ân mowze' vâsetat-e mamlakat-e išân ast bar mesâl-e markaz va dâyere.
- Indeed, that [home]land is the middle of their empire, like center and circle.
- (archaic) order, command, especially written order
- 11th century, Abu'l-Fażl Bayhaqi, edited by Ali-Akbar Fayyaz, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, page 82:
- من رفتم سوی هرات، و چنان گمان میبرم که دیدارِ من با تو و با خانگیان با قیامت افتاده است، از آن بود که در هر بابی مثالی نبود.
- man raftam suy-e herât, va čonân gomân mi-baram ke didâr-e man bâ to va bâ xânegiyân bâ qiyâmat oftâde ast, az ân bovad ke dar har bâb-i mesâl-i na-bovad.
- I started leaving for Herat, and I conjecture that I would visit you and the relatives in the judgment day [I would be killed], that is why there is not an order [I am not issuing order] for every matter.
Descendants
- → Pashto: مِثال
- → Punjabi:
- → Hindustani:
Further reading
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “مثال”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian مِثَال (misāl), Arabic مِثَال (miṯāl).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /mɪ.sɑːl/
Noun
مِثال • (misāl) m (Hindi spelling मिसाल)