نافرمان
Persian
Etymology
From ناـ (nâ-) + فَرمان (farmân).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /naː.faɾ.ˈmaːn/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [nɑː.fäɾ.mɑ́ːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [nɒː.fæɹ.mɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [nɔ.fäɾ.mɔ́n]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | nāfarmān |
| Dari reading? | nāfarmān |
| Iranian reading? | nâfarmân |
| Tajik reading? | nofarmon |
Adjective
| Dari | نافرمان |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | нофармон |
نافَرمان • (nâfarmân) (comparative نافَرمانتَر, superlative نافَرمانتَرین)
Descendants
- → Bengali: নাফরমান (naphroman)
- → Dogri: nāfarmān
- Devanagari script: नाफ़रमान
- Dogra script: 𑠝𑠬𑠟𑠺𑠤𑠢𑠬𑠝
- → Gujarati: નાફરમાન (nāpharmān)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: नाफ़रमान (nāfarmān)
- Urdu: نَافَرْمَان (nāfarmān)
- → Punjabi: nāfarmān
- Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਫ਼ਰਮਾਨ
- Shahmukhi script: نافرمان
- → Sindhi:
- Arabic script: نافرمان
- Devanagari script: नाफ़र्मान
- Khudabadi script: 𑋑𑋠𑋓𑋩𑋙𑋪𑋗𑋠𑋑 (nāfarmāna)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian نافرمان (nāfarmān). By surface analysis, نَاـ (nā-) + فَرْمَان (farmān).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /nɑː.fəɾ.mɑːn/
- Hyphenation: نَا‧فَرْ‧مَان
- Rhymes: -ɑːn
Adjective
نَافَرْمَان • (nāfarmān) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling नाफ़रमान)
Derived terms
- نَافَرْمَانِی (nāfarmānī, “disobedience”)
Further reading
- “نافرمان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “nā-farmān”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 1111
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “نا”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 631
- “نافرمان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.