इषु
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ইষু (Assamese script)
- ᬇᬱᬸ (Balinese script)
- ইষু (Bengali script)
- 𑰂𑰬𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀇𑀱𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- ဣၑု (Burmese script)
- ઇષુ (Gujarati script)
- ਇਸ਼ੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌇𑌷𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦆꦰꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂅𑂭𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ಇಷು (Kannada script)
- ឥឞុ (Khmer script)
- ອິຩຸ (Lao script)
- ഇഷു (Malayalam script)
- ᡳᢢᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘂𑘬𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᠢᢔᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦢𑧌𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐂𑐲𑐸 (Newa script)
- ଇଷୁ (Odia script)
- ꢄꢰꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆅𑆰𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖂𑖬𑖲 (Siddham script)
- ඉෂු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩑𑪀𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚂𑚰 (Takri script)
- இஷு (Tamil script)
- ఇషు (Telugu script)
- อิษุ (Thai script)
- ཨི་ཥུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒃𑒭𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨁𑨯𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)íšuš (“arrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)ísus (“arrow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬎 (išu, “arrow”), Ancient Greek ἰός (iós, “arrow”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /í.ʂu/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /i.ʂu/
Noun
इषु • (íṣu) stem, f or m
- arrow
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.95.3:
- इषु॒र्न श्रि॒य इ॑षु॒धेर॑स॒ना गो॒षाः श॑त॒सा न रंहिः॑ ।
अ॒वीरे॒ क्रतौ॒ वि द॑विद्युत॒न्नोरा॒ न मा॒युं चि॑तयन्त॒ धुन॑यः ॥- íṣurná śriyá iṣudhérasanā́ goṣā́ḥ śatasā́ ná ráṃhiḥ.
avī́re krátau ví davidyutannórā ná māyúṃ citayanta dhúnayaḥ. - Like a shaft sent for glory from the quiver, or swift-steed winning cattle winning hundreds.
The lightning seemed to flash, as cowards planned it. The minstrels bleated like a lamb in trouble.
- íṣurná śriyá iṣudhérasanā́ goṣā́ḥ śatasā́ ná ráṃhiḥ.
- इषु॒र्न श्रि॒य इ॑षु॒धेर॑स॒ना गो॒षाः श॑त॒सा न रंहिः॑ ।
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.1.1:
- नम॑स्ते रुद्र म॒न्यव॑ उ॒तोत॒ इष॑वे॒ नमः॑ ।
नम॑स्ते अस्तु॒ धन्व॑ने बा॒हुभ्या॑मु॒त ते॒ नमः॑ ॥- námaste rudra manyáva utóta íṣave námaḥ.
námaste astu dhánvane bāhúbhyāmutá te námaḥ. - Homage to thy wrath, O Rudra, to thine arrow homage also;
Homage to thy bow,
And homage to thine arms.
- námaste rudra manyáva utóta íṣave námaḥ.
- नम॑स्ते रुद्र म॒न्यव॑ उ॒तोत॒ इष॑वे॒ नमः॑ ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | इषुः (íṣuḥ) | इषू (íṣū) | इषवः (íṣavaḥ) |
| accusative | इषुम् (íṣum) | इषू (íṣū) | इषूः (íṣūḥ) |
| instrumental | इष्वा (íṣvā) | इषुभ्याम् (íṣubhyām) | इषुभिः (íṣubhiḥ) |
| dative | इषवे (íṣave) इष्वै¹ (íṣvai¹) |
इषुभ्याम् (íṣubhyām) | इषुभ्यः (íṣubhyaḥ) |
| ablative | इषोः (íṣoḥ) इष्वाः¹ (íṣvāḥ¹) इष्वै² (íṣvai²) |
इषुभ्याम् (íṣubhyām) | इषुभ्यः (íṣubhyaḥ) |
| genitive | इषोः (íṣoḥ) इष्वाः¹ (íṣvāḥ¹) इष्वै² (íṣvai²) |
इष्वोः (íṣvoḥ) | इषूणाम् (íṣūṇām) |
| locative | इषौ (íṣau) इष्वाम्¹ (íṣvām¹) |
इष्वोः (íṣvoḥ) | इषुषु (íṣuṣu) |
| vocative | इषो (íṣo) | इषू (íṣū) | इषवः (íṣavaḥ) |
- ¹Later Sanskrit
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | इषुः (íṣuḥ) | इषू (íṣū) | इषवः (íṣavaḥ) |
| accusative | इषुम् (íṣum) | इषू (íṣū) | इषून् (íṣūn) |
| instrumental | इषुणा (íṣuṇā) इष्वा¹ (íṣvā¹) |
इषुभ्याम् (íṣubhyām) | इषुभिः (íṣubhiḥ) |
| dative | इषवे (íṣave) इष्वे¹ (íṣve¹) |
इषुभ्याम् (íṣubhyām) | इषुभ्यः (íṣubhyaḥ) |
| ablative | इषोः (íṣoḥ) इष्वः¹ (íṣvaḥ¹) |
इषुभ्याम् (íṣubhyām) | इषुभ्यः (íṣubhyaḥ) |
| genitive | इषोः (íṣoḥ) इष्वः¹ (íṣvaḥ¹) |
इष्वोः (íṣvoḥ) | इषूणाम् (íṣūṇām) |
| locative | इषौ (íṣau) | इष्वोः (íṣvoḥ) | इषुषु (íṣuṣu) |
| vocative | इषो (íṣo) | इषू (íṣū) | इषवः (íṣavaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- इषव्य (iṣavyà)
- इषुका (iṣukā́)
- इषुकृत् (iṣukṛ́t)
- इषुमत् (íṣumat)
- इषूयति (iṣūyáti)
Descendants
- → Malayalam: ഇഷു (iṣu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “इषु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 168, column 3.
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “íṣu-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 235-6