उकार
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ukāra (Latin script)
- 𑀉𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- উকার (Bengali script)
- උකාර (Sinhalese script)
- ဥကာရ or ဢုၵႃရ (Burmese script)
- อุการ or อุการะ (Thai script)
- ᩏᨠᩣᩁ (Tai Tham script)
- ອຸກາຣ or ອຸກາຣະ (Lao script)
- ឧការ (Khmer script)
- 𑄃𑄪𑄇𑄂𑄢 (Chakma script)
Etymology
Possibly from Sanskrit उकार (ukāra). By surface analysis, translingual උ (the letter) + kāra (term designating a letter or sound) etc.
Noun
उकार m
- Devanagari script form of ukāra (“the letter 'u'”)
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][1] (overall work in Pali), page 11; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- ओकारुकारानं अन्तभूतानं सरे परे क्वचि वकारादेसो होति।
- Okārukārānaṃ antabhūtānaṃ sare pare kvaci vakārādeso hoti.
- Final 'o' and 'u' are sometimes changed to 'v' before another vowel.
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][2] (overall work in Pali), page 291; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- वचवसवहादीनं उकारो वस्स ये ॥६॥
वच, वस, वह इच्चेवमादीनं धातूनं वकारस्स उकारो होति य पच्चये परे । उच्चते, वुच्चति; वुस्सति; वुय्हति ॥- 6. Vacavasavahādīnaṃ ukāro vassa ye
Vaca, vasa, vaha iccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vakārassa ukāro hoti ya paccaye pare.Uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati. - Vac, vas, vah etc. which have 'u' for 'va'
Roots vac, vas, vah and so on etc. have 'u' from 'va' next to the ending 'ya'.
Exx: uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.
- 6. Vacavasavahādīnaṃ ukāro vassa ye
Declension
Declension table of "उकार" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | उकारो (ukāro) | उकारा (ukārā) |
| Accusative (second) | उकारं (ukāraṃ) | उकारे (ukāre) |
| Instrumental (third) | उकारेन (ukārena) | उकारेहि (ukārehi) or उकारेभि (ukārebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | उकारस्स (ukārassa) or उकाराय (ukārāya) or उकारत्थं (ukāratthaṃ) | उकारानं (ukārānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | उकारस्मा (ukārasmā) or उकारम्हा (ukāramhā) or उकारा (ukārā) | उकारेहि (ukārehi) or उकारेभि (ukārebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | उकारस्स (ukārassa) | उकारानं (ukārānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | उकारस्मिं (ukārasmiṃ) or उकारम्हि (ukāramhi) or उकारे (ukāre) | उकारेसु (ukāresu) |
| Vocative (calling) | उकार (ukāra) | उकारा (ukārā) |