ऋषि
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋषि (ṛ́ṣi), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *r̥šíš.
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɾɪ.ʂiː/, [ɾɪ.ʃiː]
Noun
ऋषि • (ŕṣi) m (Urdu spelling رشی)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | ऋषि ŕṣi |
ऋषि ŕṣi |
| oblique | ऋषि ŕṣi |
ऋषियों ŕṣiyõ |
| vocative | ऋषि ŕṣi |
ऋषियो ŕṣiyo |
Proper noun
ऋषि • (ŕṣi) m (Urdu spelling رشی)
- a male given name, Rishi, equivalent to English Rishi
- ऋषि सुनक ― ŕṣi sunak ― Rishi Sunak
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | ऋषि ŕṣi |
ऋषि ŕṣi |
| oblique | ऋषि ŕṣi |
ऋषियों ŕṣiyõ |
| vocative | ऋषि ŕṣi |
ऋषियो ŕṣiyo |
Nepali
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋषि (ṛ́ṣi), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *r̥šíš.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɾisi]
- Phonetic Devanagari: रिसि
Noun
ऋषि • (r̥ṣi) (Hinduism)
Proper noun
ऋषि • (r̥ṣi)
- a male given name, equivalent to English Rishi
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ঋষি (Assamese script)
- ᬋᬱᬶ (Balinese script)
- ঋষি (Bengali script)
- 𑰆𑰬𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀋𑀱𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ၒၑိ (Burmese script)
- ઋષિ (Gujarati script)
- ਰਸ਼ਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌋𑌷𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦉꦰꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂱𑂭𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಋಷಿ (Kannada script)
- ឫឞិ (Khmer script)
- ຣິຩິ (Lao script)
- ഋഷി (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡳᢢᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘆𑘬𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠢᢔᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦦𑧌𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐆𑐲𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଋଷି (Odia script)
- ꢈꢰꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆉𑆰𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖆𑖬𑖰 (Siddham script)
- ඍෂි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩙𑪀𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚮 (Takri script)
- ரிஷி (Tamil script)
- ఋషి (Telugu script)
- ฤษิ (Thai script)
- རྀ་ཥི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒇𑒭𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨉𑨯𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *r̥šíš. Cognate with Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬌𐬱 (ərəšiš, “seer”). Probably related to अर्षति (árṣati, “to flow, pour”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ŕ̩.ʂi/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /r̩.ʂi/
Noun
ऋषि • (ṛ́ṣi) stem, m
- a rishi: a singer of sacred hymns, an inspired poet or sage, any person who alone or with others invokes the deities in rhythmical speech or song of a sacred character
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.31.1:
- त्वम॑ग्ने प्रथ॒मो अङ्गि॑रा॒ ऋषि॑र्दे॒वो दे॒वाना॑मभवः शि॒वः सखा॑।
तव॑ व्र॒ते क॒वयो॑ विद्म॒नाप॒सोऽजा॑यन्त म॒रुतो॒ भ्राज॑दृष्टयः॥- tvámagne prathamó áṅgirā ṛ́ṣirdevó devā́nāmabhavaḥ śiváḥ sákhā.
táva vraté kaváyo vidmanā́pasóʼjāyanta marúto bhrā́jadṛṣṭayaḥ. - You, Agni, were the first Aṅgiras Ṛṣi, a divinity, you were the auspicious friend of the deities. In your rite the wise, the all-discerning, the bright-weaponed Maruts were engendered.
- tvámagne prathamó áṅgirā ṛ́ṣirdevó devā́nāmabhavaḥ śiváḥ sákhā.
- त्वम॑ग्ने प्रथ॒मो अङ्गि॑रा॒ ऋषि॑र्दे॒वो दे॒वाना॑मभवः शि॒वः सखा॑।
- (post-Vedic) rishi: sages from whom a gotra is derived
- (astronomy) the seven rishis form the constellation Ursa Major
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.82.2:
- वि॒श्वक॑र्मा॒ विम॑ना॒ आद्विहा॑या धा॒ता वि॑धा॒ता प॑र॒मोत सं॒दृक्।
तेषा॑मि॒ष्टानि॒ समि॒षा म॑दन्ति॒ यत्रा॑ सप्तऋ॒षीन्प॒र एक॑मा॒हुः॥- viśvákarmā vímanā ā́dvíhāyā dhātā́ vidhātā́ paramótá saṃdṛ́k.
téṣāmiṣṭā́ni sámiṣā́ madanti yátrā saptaṛṣī́npará ékamāhúḥ. - Mighty in mind and power is Visvakarman, Maker, Disposer, and most lofty Presence.
Their offerings joy in rich juice where they value One, only One, beyond the Seven Ṛṣis.
- viśvákarmā vímanā ā́dvíhāyā dhātā́ vidhātā́ paramótá saṃdṛ́k.
- वि॒श्वक॑र्मा॒ विम॑ना॒ आद्विहा॑या धा॒ता वि॑धा॒ता प॑र॒मोत सं॒दृक्।
- a saint or sanctified sage in general, an ascetic, anchorite
- the seventh of the eight degrees of Brahmins
- a hymn or mantra composed by a rishi
- a veda
- a symbolical expression for the number seven
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ऋषिः (ṛ́ṣiḥ) | ऋषी (ṛ́ṣī) | ऋषयः (ṛ́ṣayaḥ) |
| accusative | ऋषिम् (ṛ́ṣim) | ऋषी (ṛ́ṣī) | ऋषीन् (ṛ́ṣīn) |
| instrumental | ऋषिणा (ṛ́ṣiṇā) ऋष्या¹ (ṛ́ṣyā¹) |
ऋषिभ्याम् (ṛ́ṣibhyām) | ऋषिभिः (ṛ́ṣibhiḥ) |
| dative | ऋषये (ṛ́ṣaye) | ऋषिभ्याम् (ṛ́ṣibhyām) | ऋषिभ्यः (ṛ́ṣibhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ऋषेः (ṛ́ṣeḥ) ऋष्यः¹ (ṛ́ṣyaḥ¹) |
ऋषिभ्याम् (ṛ́ṣibhyām) | ऋषिभ्यः (ṛ́ṣibhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ऋषेः (ṛ́ṣeḥ) ऋष्यः¹ (ṛ́ṣyaḥ¹) |
ऋष्योः (ṛ́ṣyoḥ) | ऋषीणाम् (ṛ́ṣīṇām) |
| locative | ऋषौ (ṛ́ṣau) ऋषा¹ (ṛ́ṣā¹) |
ऋष्योः (ṛ́ṣyoḥ) | ऋषिषु (ṛ́ṣiṣu) |
| vocative | ऋषे (ṛ́ṣe) | ऋषी (ṛ́ṣī) | ऋषयः (ṛ́ṣayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀇𑀲𑀺 (isi)
- → Pali: isi
- → Romani: raśaj, rashaj (Anglicized), rašaj (Pan-Vlax)
- → Angloromani: rashai
- → Traveller Norwegian: rasjo
- → Bengali: ঋষি (riśi)
- → Burmese: ရသေ့ (ra.se.)
- → English: rishi (learned)
- → Hindustani:
- → Japanese: リシ (rishi)
- → Kannada: ಋಷಿ (ṛṣi)
- → Lao: ລືສີ (lư̄ sī)
- → Marathi: ऋषी (ruṣī)
- → Nepali: ऋषि (r̥ṣi)
- → Old Javanese: rṣi, rĕsi, rĕsi
- → Odia: ଋଷି (r̥ṣi)
- → Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽴𐽶𐽲𐽶 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 (ʾʾrzyqy ywltwz /Aržiḳï yultuz/, “Star of Ṛṣi”)
- → Punjabi: ਰਿਸ਼ੀ (riśī), رشی (rśī)
- → Tamil: ரிஷி (riṣi), ருஷி (ruṣi) — rare, இருடி (iruṭi) — standard
- → Telugu: ఋషి (r̥ṣi)
- → Thai: ฤๅษี (rʉʉ-sǐi), ฤษี (rʉ́-sǐi), ฤๅษรี — obsolete, ฤาษี (rʉʉ-sǐi) — misspelled
- → Tocharian A: riṣak
- → Tocharian B: rṣāke
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “ऋषि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 226/3-227/1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 261