कपर्द
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- কপৰ্দ (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬧᬃᬤ (Balinese script)
- কপর্দ (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰢𑰨𑰿𑰟 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀧𑀭𑁆𑀤 (Brahmi script)
- ကပရ်္ဒ (Burmese script)
- કપર્દ (Gujarati script)
- ਕਪਰ੍ਦ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌪𑌰𑍍𑌦 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦥꦂꦢ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂣𑂩𑂹𑂠 (Kaithi script)
- ಕಪರ್ದ (Kannada script)
- កបទ៌ (Khmer script)
- ກປຣ຺ທ (Lao script)
- കപര്ദ (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠᢒᠠᡵᡩᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘢𑘨𑘿𑘟 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᢒᠠᠷᢑᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧂𑧈𑧠𑦿 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐥𑐬𑑂𑐡 (Newa script)
- କପର୍ଦ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢦꢬ꣄ꢣ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆥𑆫𑇀𑆢 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖢𑖨𑖿𑖟 (Siddham script)
- කපර්ද (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩰𑩼 𑪙𑩭 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚞𑚤𑚶𑚛 (Takri script)
- கபர்த³ (Tamil script)
- కపర్ద (Telugu script)
- กปรฺท (Thai script)
- ཀ་པ་རྡ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒣𑒩𑓂𑒠 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨞𑨫𑩇𑨛 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Uncertain.[1] Probably borrowed from substrate, but the exact source is unclear.
- Burrow argues for early loaning from Dravidian; compare Tamil கோடு (kōṭu, “horn; crookedness; coil of hair; conch”).[2]
- Kuiper and Witzel argue for a Munda loan, but this is unjustified.[3][4]
Also compare Sanskrit कम्बु (kambu, “conch”), Sanskrit शम्बु (śambu, “bivalve shell”) and Sanskrit शम्बूक (śambūka, “snail”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /kɐ.pɐɾ.d̪ɐ/
Noun
कपर्द • (kaparda) stem, m [5][6]
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | कपर्दः (kapardaḥ) | कपर्दौ (kapardau) | कपर्दाः (kapardāḥ) |
| accusative | कपर्दम् (kapardam) | कपर्दौ (kapardau) | कपर्दान् (kapardān) |
| instrumental | कपर्देन (kapardena) | कपर्दाभ्याम् (kapardābhyām) | कपर्दैः (kapardaiḥ) |
| dative | कपर्दाय (kapardāya) | कपर्दाभ्याम् (kapardābhyām) | कपर्देभ्यः (kapardebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | कपर्दात् (kapardāt) | कपर्दाभ्याम् (kapardābhyām) | कपर्देभ्यः (kapardebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | कपर्दस्य (kapardasya) | कपर्दयोः (kapardayoḥ) | कपर्दानाम् (kapardānām) |
| locative | कपर्दे (kaparde) | कपर्दयोः (kapardayoḥ) | कपर्देषु (kapardeṣu) |
| vocative | कपर्द (kaparda) | कपर्दौ (kapardau) | कपर्दाः (kapardāḥ) |
Derived terms
- कपर्दक (kapardaka)
- कपर्दिका (kapardikā)
- क॒प॒र्दिन् (kapardín)
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀟 (kavaḍḍa), 𑀓𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀻 (kavaḍḍī) (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “kaparda-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 299
- ^ Burrow, T[homas] (1948) “Dravidian Studies VII: Further Dravidian words in Sanskrit”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London[2], volume 12, number 2, page 370 of 365–396
- ^ Witzel, Michael (1999) “Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)”, in Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies[3], volume 5, number 1
- ^ Kuiper, F. B. J. (1948) Proto-Munda Words In Sanskrit[4], Amsterdam: N.V. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “कपर्द”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 250.
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kaparda”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 137