कोष्ठ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

কোষ্ঠ (Assamese script)
ᬓᭀᬱ᭄ᬞ (Balinese script)
কোষ্ঠ (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰺𑰬𑰿𑰙 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑁄𑀱𑁆𑀞 (Brahmi script)
ကောၑ္ဌ (Burmese script)
કોષ્ઠ (Gujarati script)
ਕੋਸ਼੍ਠ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑍋𑌷𑍍𑌠 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦺꦴꦰ꧀ꦜ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂷𑂭𑂹𑂘 (Kaithi script)
ಕೋಷ್ಠ (Kannada script)
កោឞ្ឋ (Khmer script)
ໂກຩ຺ຐ (Lao script)
കോഷ്ഠ (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠣᢢᡱᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘻𑘬𑘿𑘙 (Modi script)
ᢉᠣᠸᠠᢔᢍᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧜𑧌𑧠𑦹 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑑀𑐲𑑂𑐛 (Newa script)
କୋଷ୍ଠ (Odia script)
ꢒꣂꢰ꣄ꢝ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆾𑆰𑇀𑆜 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖺𑖬𑖿𑖙 (Siddham script)
කොෂ‍්ඨ (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩕𑪀 𑪙𑩧 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚴𑚶𑚕 (Takri script)
கோஷ்ட² (Tamil script)
కోష్ఠ (Telugu script)
โกษฺฐ (Thai script)
ཀོ་ཥྛ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒼𑒭𑓂𑒚 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨆𑨯𑩇𑨕 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kus-t(ʰ)-ōd-, a derivative of *(s)kewH- (“to hide, cover”), see also Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “I cover”), Proto-Germanic *hūdijaną (“to conceal”), and perhaps *huzdą (“hidden treasure”).^[1] However, compare Proto-Slavic *kyšьka (“intestines”), which could be from a different root.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐwʂ.ʈʰɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /koːʂ.ʈʰɐ/

Noun

कोष्ठ • (koṣṭha) stem, m

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कोष्ठ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	कोष्ठः (koṣṭhaḥ)	कोष्ठौ (koṣṭhau) कोष्ठा¹ (koṣṭhā¹)	कोष्ठाः (koṣṭhāḥ) कोष्ठासः¹ (koṣṭhāsaḥ¹)
accusative	कोष्ठम् (koṣṭham)	कोष्ठौ (koṣṭhau) कोष्ठा¹ (koṣṭhā¹)	कोष्ठान् (koṣṭhān)
instrumental	कोष्ठेन (koṣṭhena)	कोष्ठाभ्याम् (koṣṭhābhyām)	कोष्ठैः (koṣṭhaiḥ) कोष्ठेभिः¹ (koṣṭhebhiḥ¹)
dative	कोष्ठाय (koṣṭhāya)	कोष्ठाभ्याम् (koṣṭhābhyām)	कोष्ठेभ्यः (koṣṭhebhyaḥ)
ablative	कोष्ठात् (koṣṭhāt)	कोष्ठाभ्याम् (koṣṭhābhyām)	कोष्ठेभ्यः (koṣṭhebhyaḥ)
genitive	कोष्ठस्य (koṣṭhasya)	कोष्ठयोः (koṣṭhayoḥ)	कोष्ठानाम् (koṣṭhānām)
locative	कोष्ठे (koṣṭhe)	कोष्ठयोः (koṣṭhayoḥ)	कोष्ठेषु (koṣṭheṣu)
vocative	कोष्ठ (koṣṭha)	कोष्ठौ (koṣṭhau) कोष्ठा¹ (koṣṭhā¹)	कोष्ठाः (koṣṭhāḥ) कोष्ठासः¹ (koṣṭhāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: کوٹھ (kōṭha, “granary”), کٹھ (kuṭhụ, “room”)
- Shina: کوت (kōti, “wooden vessel for mixing yeast”)
  - ⇒ Savi: [script needed] (dāntar-kuṭha, “fireplace”)
Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (kŏṭṭha)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (koṭṭha)
    - Gujarati: કોઠૌ (koṭhau), કોઠી (koṭhī)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: कोठा (koṭhā), कोठी (koṭhī)
      
      Urdu: کوٹھَا (koṭhā), کوٹھِی (koṭhī)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: কোঠা (kütha), কোঁঠা (kü̃tha)
    - Bengali: কোঠা (kōṭha), কুঠী (kuṭhi)
    - Bihari: कोठी (koṭhī)
      - Maithili: कोठी (kōṭhī)
    - Odia: କୋଠା (koṭhā), କୋଠୀ (koṭhi)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Kumaoni: कोठो (koṭho)
    - Garhwali: कोठु (koṭhu, “house surrounded by a wall”)
    - Nepali: कोठा (koṭhā), कोठो (koṭho), कोठि (koṭhi)
- Southern:
  - Elu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ކޮޑި (koḍi, “frame”), ކޮށި (koṣi, “cage”)
    - Sinhalese: කොට (koṭa), කොටු (koṭu), කොටුව (koṭuwa)
  - Maharashtri Prakrit:
    - Marathi: कोठा (koṭhā), कोठी (koṭhī)
- Western:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Marwari: koṭho (“room”)
      Devanagari script: कोठो (koṭho)
      
      unspecified script: کوٹھو
    - Punjabi: koṭṭhā
      Gurmukhi script: ਕੋੱਠਾ
      
      Shahmukhi script: کوٹّھَا
    - Sindhi: koṭho
      Arabic script: ڪوٿو
      
      Devanagari script: कोथो
Prakrit: *𑀓𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀟 (*kŏṭṭhaḍa)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Odia: କୋଠରି (koṭhari)
- Central:
  - Shauraseni Prakrit:
    - Hindustani: koṭhrī (“room, granary”)
      Hindi: कोठरी
      
      Urdu: کوٹھرِی
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Kumaoni: कोठेरी (koṭheṛī, “small room”)
- Southern:
  - Maharashtri Prakrit:
    - Marathi: कोठडी (koṭhḍī, “room”)
- Western:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Punjabi: koṭhṛī (“room”)
      Gurmukhi script: ਕੋਠ੍ਰੀ (koṭhrī)
      
      Shahmukhi script: کوٹھرِی (koṭhrī)
- → Tamil: கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam)
Prakrit: *𑀓𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀭 (*kŏṭṭhara)
- Central:
  - Shauraseni Prakrit:
    - Hindustani: kuṭhārī
      Hindi: कुठारी
      
      Urdu: کُٹھَارِی
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: কুঠ্ৰী (kuthri, “chamber”)
    - Bengali: কুঠ্রী (kuṭhri)
    - Odia: କୋଠରି (koṭhari)
- Southern:
  - Elu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ކޮޓަރި (koṭari, “room”)
- Western:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Old Punjabi: ਕੋਠਾਰੀ (koṭhārī, “crucible”)
      - Punjabi: kuṭhālī
        Gurmukhi script: ਕੁਠਾਲੀ (kuṭhālī)
        
        Shahmukhi script: کُٹھَالِی (kuṭhālī)
Prakrit: *𑀓𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀮𑁆𑀮 (*kŏṭṭhalla)
- Central:
  - Shauraseni Prakrit:
    - Gujarati: કોઠલૌ (koṭhlau, “wooden box”)
    - Hindustani: koṭhlā (“room, granary”)
      Hindi: कोठला
      
      Urdu: کوٹھلَا
- Dardic:
  - Shina: کوتل (kotul, “wattle and mud erection for storing grain”)

References

“कोष्ठ” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 253.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kostha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 184

^ Szemerényi, O. J. L. (1987). Scripta Minora: Selected Essays in Indo-European, Greek, and Latin. Austria: Insitut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, p. 646

[1] Szemerényi, O. J. L. (1987). Scripta Minora: Selected Essays in Indo-European, Greek, and Latin. Austria: Insitut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, p. 646

[1]