क्षोदस्
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ক্ষোদস্ (Assamese script)
- ᬓ᭄ᬱᭀᬤᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
- ক্ষোদস্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰺𑰟𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑁆𑀱𑁄𑀤𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- က္ၑောဒသ် (Burmese script)
- ક્ષોદસ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਕ੍ਸ਼ੋਦਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍋𑌦𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦏ꧀ꦰꦺꦴꦢꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂷𑂠𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಕ್ಷೋದಸ್ (Kannada script)
- ក្ឞោទស៑ (Khmer script)
- ກ຺ໂຩທສ຺ (Lao script)
- ക്ഷോദസ് (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᢢᠣᡩᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘻𑘟𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᢉᢔᠣᠸᠠᢑᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧜𑦿𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑑂𑐲𑑀𑐡𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
- କ୍ଷୋଦସ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢒ꣄ꢰꣂꢣꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆾𑆢𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖺𑖟𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ක්ෂොදස් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩕𑩭𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚶𑚴𑚛𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
- க்ஷோத³ஸ் (Tamil script)
- క్షోదస్ (Telugu script)
- กฺโษทสฺ (Thai script)
- ཀྵོ་ད་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒼𑒠𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨆𑨛𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáwdas (“swell of the sea; gush of water; current”), from Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-os ~ *k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-es-, from *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀𐬵 (xšaoδah, “swell of the sea, gush of water”). The Sanskrit root is क्षुद् (kṣud, “to disperse, to spray”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /kʂɐ́w.dɐs/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /kʂoː.d̪ɐs̪/
Noun
क्षोदस् • (kṣódas) stem, n
- swell of the sea; water in agitation; rushing gush of water
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.17.12:
- आ क्षोदो॒ महि॑ वृ॒तं न॒दीनां॒ परि॑ष्ठितमसृज ऊ॒र्मिम॒पाम् ।
तासा॒मनु॑ प्र॒वत॑ इन्द्र॒ पन्थां॒ प्रार्द॑यो॒ नीची॑र॒पसः॑ समु॒द्रम् ॥- ā́ kṣódo máhi vṛtáṃ nadī́nāṃ páriṣṭhitamasṛja ūrmímapā́m.
tā́sāmánu praváta indra pánthāṃ prā́rdayo nī́cīrapásaḥ samudrám. - You set free the rushing wave of waters; the floods' great swell encompassed and obstructed.
You directed downward, O Indra, their course along steep slopes, speeding to the ocean.
- ā́ kṣódo máhi vṛtáṃ nadī́nāṃ páriṣṭhitamasṛja ūrmímapā́m.
- आ क्षोदो॒ महि॑ वृ॒तं न॒दीनां॒ परि॑ष्ठितमसृज ऊ॒र्मिम॒पाम् ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | क्षोदः (kṣódaḥ) | क्षोदसी (kṣódasī) | क्षोदांसि (kṣódāṃsi) |
| accusative | क्षोदः (kṣódaḥ) | क्षोदसी (kṣódasī) | क्षोदांसि (kṣódāṃsi) |
| instrumental | क्षोदसा (kṣódasā) | क्षोदोभ्याम् (kṣódobhyām) | क्षोदोभिः (kṣódobhiḥ) |
| dative | क्षोदसे (kṣódase) | क्षोदोभ्याम् (kṣódobhyām) | क्षोदोभ्यः (kṣódobhyaḥ) |
| ablative | क्षोदसः (kṣódasaḥ) | क्षोदोभ्याम् (kṣódobhyām) | क्षोदोभ्यः (kṣódobhyaḥ) |
| genitive | क्षोदसः (kṣódasaḥ) | क्षोदसोः (kṣódasoḥ) | क्षोदसाम् (kṣódasām) |
| locative | क्षोदसि (kṣódasi) | क्षोदसोः (kṣódasoḥ) | क्षोदःसु (kṣódaḥsu) |
| vocative | क्षोदः (kṣódaḥ) | क्षोदसी (kṣódasī) | क्षोदांसि (kṣódāṃsi) |
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “क्षोदस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 331, column 1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “kṣódas-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 439
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “kṣódas-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 294