खदिर
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- খদিৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬔᬤᬶᬭ (Balinese script)
- খদির (Bengali script)
- 𑰏𑰟𑰰𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀔𑀤𑀺𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ခဒိရ (Burmese script)
- ખદિર (Gujarati script)
- ਖਦਿਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌖𑌦𑌿𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦑꦢꦶꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂎𑂠𑂱𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಖದಿರ (Kannada script)
- ខទិរ (Khmer script)
- ຂທິຣ (Lao script)
- ഖദിര (Malayalam script)
- ᡘᠠᡩᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘏𑘟𑘱𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠻᠠᢑᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦯𑦿𑧒𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐏𑐡𑐶𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଖଦିର (Odia script)
- ꢓꢣꢶꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆒𑆢𑆴𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖏𑖟𑖰𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ඛදිර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩝𑩭𑩑𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚋𑚛𑚮𑚤 (Takri script)
- க²தி³ர (Tamil script)
- ఖదిర (Telugu script)
- ขทิร (Thai script)
- ཁ་དི་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒐𑒠𑒱𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨌𑨛𑨁𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Of uncertain origin.
Due to its presence in Vedic texts, an Indo-European origin has been sought; however, little has been found. खद् (khad, “to be steady, be hard”) is apparently a back-formation from खदिर (khadira), and proposed relations to खाद् (khād) are phonetically and semantically unconvincing.
Due to the plant's status as native to South and Southeast Asia, it could be a loanword from a local language, such as Dravidian or Munda.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /kʰɐ.di.ɾɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /kʰɐ.d̪i.ɾɐ/
Noun
खदिर • (khadira) stem, m
- the catechu tree, Senegalia catechu, a deciduous, thorny tree known for its hard wood and multi-purpose heartwood extract
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | खदिरः (khadiraḥ) | खदिरौ (khadirau) खदिरा¹ (khadirā¹) |
खदिराः (khadirāḥ) खदिरासः¹ (khadirāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | खदिरम् (khadiram) | खदिरौ (khadirau) खदिरा¹ (khadirā¹) |
खदिरान् (khadirān) |
| instrumental | खदिरेण (khadireṇa) | खदिराभ्याम् (khadirābhyām) | खदिरैः (khadiraiḥ) खदिरेभिः¹ (khadirebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | खदिराय (khadirāya) | खदिराभ्याम् (khadirābhyām) | खदिरेभ्यः (khadirebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | खदिरात् (khadirāt) | खदिराभ्याम् (khadirābhyām) | खदिरेभ्यः (khadirebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | खदिरस्य (khadirasya) | खदिरयोः (khadirayoḥ) | खदिराणाम् (khadirāṇām) |
| locative | खदिरे (khadire) | खदिरयोः (khadirayoḥ) | खदिरेषु (khadireṣu) |
| vocative | खदिर (khadira) | खदिरौ (khadirau) खदिरा¹ (khadirā¹) |
खदिराः (khadirāḥ) खदिरासः¹ (khadirāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “खदिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 336/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 445
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 301