ज्ञाति
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- জ্ঞাতি (Assamese script)
- ᬚ᭄ᬜᬵᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
- জ্ঞাতি (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰿𑰗𑰯𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑁆𑀜𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဇ္ဉာတိ (Burmese script)
- જ્ઞાતિ (Gujarati script)
- ਜ੍ਞਾਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌜𑍍𑌞𑌾𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦘꦴꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂔𑂹𑂖𑂰𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಜ್ಞಾತಿ (Kannada script)
- ជ្ញាតិ (Khmer script)
- ຊ຺ຎາຕິ (Lao script)
- ജ്ഞാതി (Malayalam script)
- ᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠽᡛᠠᢗᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦵𑧠𑦷𑧑𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑑂𑐘𑐵𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଜ୍ଞାତି (Odia script)
- ꢙ꣄ꢛꢵꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑇀𑆚𑆳𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖿𑖗𑖯𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
- ඥාති (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩣 𑪙𑩥𑩛𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚑𑚶𑚓𑚭𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
- ஜ்ஞாதி (Tamil script)
- జ్ఞాతి (Telugu script)
- ชฺญาติ (Thai script)
- ཛྙཱ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑓂𑒘𑒰𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨥𑩇𑨓𑨊𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Either:
- From the root जन् (jan, “to beget, generate”).
- From the root ज्ञा (jñā, “to know; be familiar with”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /d͡ʑɲɑː.tí/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d͡ʑɲɑː.t̪i/
Noun
ज्ञाति • (jñātí) stem, m
- relative, kinsman (especially paternal)
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.55.5:
- सस्तु माता सस्तु पिता सस्तु श्वा सस्तु विश्पतिः ।
ससन्तु सर्वे ज्ञातयः सस्त्वयमभितो जनः ॥- sastu mātā sastu pitā sastu śvā sastu viśpatiḥ.
sasantu sarve jñātayaḥ sastvayamabhito janaḥ. - May the mother sleep, may the father sleep, may the dog and the village chief sleep.
May all the kinsmen and all the people who are round about sleep.
- sastu mātā sastu pitā sastu śvā sastu viśpatiḥ.
- सस्तु माता सस्तु पिता सस्तु श्वा सस्तु विश्पतिः ।
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 14.1.26.2:
- एधन्ते अस्या ज्ञातयः पतिर्बन्धेषु बध्यते ॥
- edhante asyā jñātayaḥ patirbandheṣu badhyate.
- Her kinsmen prosper; the husband is bound in bonds.
- एधन्ते अस्या ज्ञातयः पतिर्बन्धेषु बध्यते ॥
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ज्ञातिः (jñātíḥ) | ज्ञाती (jñātī́) | ज्ञातयः (jñātáyaḥ) |
| accusative | ज्ञातिम् (jñātím) | ज्ञाती (jñātī́) | ज्ञातीन् (jñātī́n) |
| instrumental | ज्ञातिना (jñātínā) ज्ञात्या¹ (jñātyā́¹) |
ज्ञातिभ्याम् (jñātíbhyām) | ज्ञातिभिः (jñātíbhiḥ) |
| dative | ज्ञातये (jñātáye) | ज्ञातिभ्याम् (jñātíbhyām) | ज्ञातिभ्यः (jñātíbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | ज्ञातेः (jñātéḥ) ज्ञात्यः¹ (jñātyáḥ¹) |
ज्ञातिभ्याम् (jñātíbhyām) | ज्ञातिभ्यः (jñātíbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | ज्ञातेः (jñātéḥ) ज्ञात्यः¹ (jñātyáḥ¹) |
ज्ञात्योः (jñātyóḥ) | ज्ञातीनाम् (jñātīnā́m) |
| locative | ज्ञातौ (jñātaú) ज्ञाता¹ (jñātā́¹) |
ज्ञात्योः (jñātyóḥ) | ज्ञातिषु (jñātíṣu) |
| vocative | ज्ञाते (jñā́te) | ज्ञाती (jñā́tī) | ज्ञातयः (jñā́tayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀜𑀸𑀢𑀺 (ñāti, Girnar), 𑀦𑀸𑀢𑀺 (nāti, Kalsi)
- Niya Prakrit: 𐨙𐨟𐨁 (ñati)
- Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀇 (ṇāi)
- Pali: ñāti
- ⇒ *ज्ञातिक (*jñātika)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀜𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀓 (ñātika, Girnar), 𐨙𐨟𐨁𐨐 (ñatika, Shahbazgarhi)
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “ज्ञाति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 425, column 3.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “jñāti”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “ज्ञाति”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 103
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jñātí”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 290