निर्मल

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्मल (nirmala). By surface analysis, निस्- (nis-) +‎ मल (mal).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /nɪɾ.məl/, [nɪɾ.mɐl]
Rhymes: -əl

Adjective

निर्मल • (nirmal) (indeclinable)

pure, clean
Synonym: ख़ालिस (xālis)

Noun

निर्मल • (nirmal) f

a female given name, Nirmal, from Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of *निर्मल* (fem cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	निर्मल nirmal	निर्मलें nirmalẽ
oblique	निर्मल nirmal	निर्मलों nirmalõ
vocative	निर्मल nirmal	निर्मलो nirmalo

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “निर्मल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /niɾ.mɐ.lɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /n̪iɾ.mɐ.l̪ɐ/

Adjective

निर्मल • (nirmala) stem

spotless, unsullied, clean, pure, shining, replendent, bright
sinless, virtuous

Descendants

Descendants

Pali: nimmala
Dardic:
- Domaaki: [script needed] (nimōl)
- Gawar-Bati: نِمَلَ (nimalá)
Eastern:
- Magadhi Prakrit:
  - Bhojpuri: नीमन (nīman)
  - Maithili: niman
    Devanagari script: निमन
    
    Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒱𑒧𑒢
Southern:
- Elu Prakrit:
  - Sinhalese: නිමල (nimala), නිමල් (nimal)
- Maharashtri Prakrit:
  - ⇒ Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: निवळणे (nivaḷaṇe)
    
    Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘪𑘯𑘜𑘹 (nīvaḷaṇe)
    - Marathi: निवळणे (nivaḷṇe), निव्वळ (nivvaḷ)
Central:
- Shauraseni Prakrit:
  - Hindustani: nīman
    Hindi: नीमन
    
    Urdu: نِیمَن (nīman)
  - Punjabi: ਨਿੱਮਲ੍ (nimmal), ਨਿਮ੍ਬਾਲ੍ (nimbāl)
→ Dhivehi: ނިރުމަލަ (nirumala)
→ Punjabi: ਨਿਰਮਲੁ (nirmalu)