नीहार
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- निहार (nihāra)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- নীহাৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬦᬷᬳᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
- নীহার (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰱𑰮𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- နီဟာရ (Burmese script)
- નીહાર (Gujarati script)
- ਨੀਹਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑍀𑌹𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦷꦲꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂲𑂯𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ನೀಹಾರ (Kannada script)
- នីហារ (Khmer script)
- ນີຫາຣ (Lao script)
- നീഹാര (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᡳᡳᡥᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘲𑘮𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠢᠢᠾᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧓𑧎𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑐷𑐴𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
- ନୀହାର (Odia script)
- ꢥꢷꢲꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑆵𑆲𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖱𑖮𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
- නීහාර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯𑩑𑩛𑪂𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚯𑚩𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
- நீஹார (Tamil script)
- నీహార (Telugu script)
- นีหาร (Thai script)
- ནཱི་ཧཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑒲𑒯𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑨁𑨊𑨱𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly related to स्निह् (snih).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /niː.ɦɑː.ɾɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /n̪iː.ɦɑː.ɾɐ/
Noun
नीहार • (nīhārá) stem, m or n
- fog, mist, heavy dew, hoarfrost
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.82.7:
- न तं वि॑दाथ॒ य इ॒मा ज॒जाना॒न्यद् यु॒ष्माक॒म् अन्त॑रं बभूव ।
नी॒हा॒रेण॒ प्रावृ॑ता॒ जल्प्या॑ चासु॒तृप॑ उक्थ॒शास॑श् चरन्ति ॥- ná táṃ vidātha yá imā́ jajā́nānyád yuṣmā́kam ántaraṃ babhūva.
nīhāréṇa prā́vṛtā jálpyā cāsutṛ́pa ukthaśā́saś caranti. - You do not know Him who created these beings, something else has arisen among you.
Covered in mist and stammering speech, the hymn-chanters wander, unsatisfied.
- ná táṃ vidātha yá imā́ jajā́nānyád yuṣmā́kam ántaraṃ babhūva.
- न तं वि॑दाथ॒ य इ॒मा ज॒जाना॒न्यद् यु॒ष्माक॒म् अन्त॑रं बभूव ।
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 6.122.16:
- त्वां तु दृष्ट्वा कुशलिनं परिष्वज्य सलक्ष्मणम् ।
अद्य दुःखाद् विमुक्तो ऽस्मि नीहाराद् इव भास्करः ॥- tvāṃ tu dṛṣṭvā kuśalinaṃ pariṣvajya salakṣmaṇam.
adya duḥkhād vimukto ʼsmi nīhārād iva bhāskaraḥ. - On seeing you well and happy with Lakṣmaṇa and embracing you, I am freed from the mist of sorrow like the Sun.
- tvāṃ tu dṛṣṭvā kuśalinaṃ pariṣvajya salakṣmaṇam.
- त्वां तु दृष्ट्वा कुशलिनं परिष्वज्य सलक्ष्मणम् ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | नीहारः (nīhāráḥ) | नीहारौ (nīhāraú) नीहारा¹ (nīhārā́¹) |
नीहाराः (nīhārā́ḥ) नीहारासः¹ (nīhārā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | नीहारम् (nīhārám) | नीहारौ (nīhāraú) नीहारा¹ (nīhārā́¹) |
नीहारान् (nīhārā́n) |
| instrumental | नीहारेण (nīhāréṇa) | नीहाराभ्याम् (nīhārā́bhyām) | नीहारैः (nīhāraíḥ) नीहारेभिः¹ (nīhārébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | नीहाराय (nīhārā́ya) | नीहाराभ्याम् (nīhārā́bhyām) | नीहारेभ्यः (nīhārébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | नीहारात् (nīhārā́t) | नीहाराभ्याम् (nīhārā́bhyām) | नीहारेभ्यः (nīhārébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | नीहारस्य (nīhārásya) | नीहारयोः (nīhāráyoḥ) | नीहाराणाम् (nīhārā́ṇām) |
| locative | नीहारे (nīhāré) | नीहारयोः (nīhāráyoḥ) | नीहारेषु (nīhāréṣu) |
| vocative | नीहार (nī́hāra) | नीहारौ (nī́hārau) नीहारा¹ (nī́hārā¹) |
नीहाराः (nī́hārāḥ) नीहारासः¹ (nī́hārāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | नीहारम् (nīhārám) | नीहारे (nīhāré) | नीहाराणि (nīhārā́ṇi) नीहारा¹ (nīhārā́¹) |
| accusative | नीहारम् (nīhārám) | नीहारे (nīhāré) | नीहाराणि (nīhārā́ṇi) नीहारा¹ (nīhārā́¹) |
| instrumental | नीहारेण (nīhāréṇa) | नीहाराभ्याम् (nīhārā́bhyām) | नीहारैः (nīhāraíḥ) नीहारेभिः¹ (nīhārébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | नीहाराय (nīhārā́ya) | नीहाराभ्याम् (nīhārā́bhyām) | नीहारेभ्यः (nīhārébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | नीहारात् (nīhārā́t) | नीहाराभ्याम् (nīhārā́bhyām) | नीहारेभ्यः (nīhārébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | नीहारस्य (nīhārásya) | नीहारयोः (nīhāráyoḥ) | नीहाराणाम् (nīhārā́ṇām) |
| locative | नीहारे (nīhāré) | नीहारयोः (nīhāráyoḥ) | नीहारेषु (nīhāréṣu) |
| vocative | नीहार (nī́hāra) | नीहारे (nī́hāre) | नीहाराणि (nī́hārāṇi) नीहारा¹ (nī́hārā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀡𑀻𑀳𑀸𑀭 (ṇīhāra)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “नीहार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 565, column 2.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “nīhāra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “नीहार”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 936
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “nīhārá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 52
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nīhārá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 426