परिजन
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit परिजन (parijana). By surface analysis, परि- (pari-) + जन (jan).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /pə.ɾɪ.d͡ʒən/, [pɐ.ɾɪ.d͡ʒɐ̃n]
Noun
परिजन • (parijan) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | परिजन parijan |
परिजन parijan |
| oblique | परिजन parijan |
परिजनों parijanõ |
| vocative | परिजन parijan |
परिजनो parijano |
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “परिजन”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 2850
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “परिजन”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 403
Pali
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- parijana (Latin script)
- 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀚𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- পরিজন (Bengali script)
- පරිජන (Sinhalese script)
- ပရိဇန or ပရိၹၼ (Burmese script)
- ปริชน or ปะริชะนะ (Thai script)
- ᨷᩁᩥᨩᨶ (Tai Tham script)
- ປຣິຊນ or ປະຣິຊະນະ (Lao script)
- បរិជន (Khmer script)
- 𑄛𑄢𑄨𑄎𑄚 (Chakma script)
Noun
परिजन m
- Devanagari script form of parijana (“retinue”)
Declension
Declension table of "परिजन" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | परिजनो (parijano) | परिजना (parijanā) |
| Accusative (second) | परिजनं (parijanaṃ) | परिजने (parijane) |
| Instrumental (third) | परिजनेन (parijanena) | परिजनेहि (parijanehi) or परिजनेभि (parijanebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | परिजनस्स (parijanassa) or परिजनाय (parijanāya) or परिजनत्थं (parijanatthaṃ) | परिजनानं (parijanānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | परिजनस्मा (parijanasmā) or परिजनम्हा (parijanamhā) or परिजना (parijanā) | परिजनेहि (parijanehi) or परिजनेभि (parijanebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | परिजनस्स (parijanassa) | परिजनानं (parijanānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | परिजनस्मिं (parijanasmiṃ) or परिजनम्हि (parijanamhi) or परिजने (parijane) | परिजनेसु (parijanesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | परिजन (parijana) | परिजना (parijanā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- পৰিজন (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬭᬶᬚᬦ (Balinese script)
- পরিজন (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰨𑰰𑰕𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀚𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- ပရိဇန (Burmese script)
- પરિજન (Gujarati script)
- ਪਰਿਜਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑌰𑌿𑌜𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦫꦶꦗꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂩𑂱𑂔𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಪರಿಜನ (Kannada script)
- បរិជន (Khmer script)
- ປຣິຊນ (Lao script)
- പരിജന (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᠠᡵᡳᡯᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘨𑘱𑘕𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᠷᠢᠽᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧈𑧒𑦵𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐬𑐶𑐖𑐣 (Newa script)
- ପରିଜନ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢬꢶꢙꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆫𑆴𑆘𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖨𑖰𑖕𑖡 (Siddham script)
- පරිජන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩼𑩑𑩣𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚤𑚮𑚑𑚝 (Takri script)
- பரிஜந (Tamil script)
- పరిజన (Telugu script)
- ปริชน (Thai script)
- པ་རི་ཛ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒩𑒱𑒖𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨫𑨁𑨥𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From परि- (pari-, “around”) + जन (jana, “person”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pɐ.ɾi.d͡ʑɐ.nɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /pɐ.ɾi.d͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ/
Noun
परिजन • (parijana) stem, m
- a surrounding person; attendant, servant, entourage
- c. 200 CE – 300 CE, Vātsyāyana, Kāma Sūtra 3.3.5.7:
- दूरे स्थिता पश्यतु माम् इति मन्यमाना परिजनं सवदनविकारम् आभाषते ॥
- dūre sthitā paśyatu mām iti manyamānā parijanaṃ savadanavikāram ābhāṣate.
- Standing far, thinking ‘he should see me!’, she talks to the attendant with contorted face.
- दूरे स्थिता पश्यतु माम् इति मन्यमाना परिजनं सवदनविकारम् आभाषते ॥
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | परिजनः (parijanaḥ) | परिजनौ (parijanau) परिजना¹ (parijanā¹) |
परिजनाः (parijanāḥ) परिजनासः¹ (parijanāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | परिजनम् (parijanam) | परिजनौ (parijanau) परिजना¹ (parijanā¹) |
परिजनान् (parijanān) |
| instrumental | परिजनेन (parijanena) | परिजनाभ्याम् (parijanābhyām) | परिजनैः (parijanaiḥ) परिजनेभिः¹ (parijanebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | परिजनाय (parijanāya) | परिजनाभ्याम् (parijanābhyām) | परिजनेभ्यः (parijanebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | परिजनात् (parijanāt) | परिजनाभ्याम् (parijanābhyām) | परिजनेभ्यः (parijanebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | परिजनस्य (parijanasya) | परिजनयोः (parijanayoḥ) | परिजनानाम् (parijanānām) |
| locative | परिजने (parijane) | परिजनयोः (parijanayoḥ) | परिजनेषु (parijaneṣu) |
| vocative | परिजन (parijana) | परिजनौ (parijanau) परिजना¹ (parijanā¹) |
परिजनाः (parijanāḥ) परिजनासः¹ (parijanāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- → Hindi: परिजन (parijan)
- → Tamil: பரிசனம் (paricaṉam)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “परिजन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 594.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “parijana”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “परिजन”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 975