परीक्षा

See also: परीक्ष्

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /pə.ɾiːk.ʂɑː/, [pɐ.ɾiːk.ʃäː]

Noun

परीक्षा • (parīkṣā) f (Urdu spelling پریکشا)

test, examination
वह जजी की परीक्षा ले रहा है।
vah jajī kī parīkṣā le rahā hai.
He is taking the examination for judgeship/justiceship.

Declension

Declension of *परीक्षा* (fem ā-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	परीक्षा parīkṣā	परीक्षाएँ parīkṣāẽ
oblique	परीक्षा parīkṣā	परीक्षाओं parīkṣāõ
vocative	परीक्षा parīkṣā	परीक्षाओ parīkṣāo

Synonyms

जाँच (jā̃c)
इम्तिहान (imtihān)

References

John T. Platts (8 January 2012 (last accessed)) “A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1]

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘢𑘨𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘰 (parakṣā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pə.ɾik.ʂa/
Rhymes: -a

Noun

परीक्षा • (parīkṣā) f

(education) examination
test
Synonym: चाचणी (ċāċṇī)

Declension

Declension of परीक्षा (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	परीक्षा parīkṣā
direct plural	परीक्षा parīkṣā
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	परीक्षा parīkṣā	परीक्षा parīkṣā
oblique सामान्यरूप	परीक्षे parīkṣe	परीक्षां- parīkṣān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	परीक्षेला parīkṣelā	परीक्षांना parīkṣānnā
ergative	परीक्षेने, परीक्षेनं parīkṣene, parīkṣena	परीक्षांनी parīkṣānnī
instrumental	परीक्षेशी parīkṣeśī	परीक्षांशी parīkṣānśī
locative सप्तमी	परीक्षेत parīkṣet	परीक्षांत parīkṣāt
vocative संबोधन	परीक्षे parīkṣe	परीक्षांनो parīkṣānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of परीक्षा (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	परीक्षेचा parīkṣeċā	परीक्षेचे parīkṣeċe	परीक्षेची parīkṣecī	परीक्षेच्या parīkṣecā	परीक्षेचे, परीक्षेचं parīkṣeċe, parīkṣeċa	परीक्षेची parīkṣecī	परीक्षेच्या parīkṣecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	परीक्षांचा parīkṣānċā	परीक्षांचे parīkṣānċe	परीक्षांची parīkṣāñcī	परीक्षांच्या parīkṣāncā	परीक्षांचे, परीक्षांचं parīkṣānċe, parīkṣānċa	परीक्षांची parīkṣāñcī	परीक्षांच्या parīkṣāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

More information

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “परीक्षा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “परीक्षा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “परीक्षा”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “परीक्षा”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “परक्षा”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pʌɾik̚t͡sʰjä]
Phonetic Devanagari: परिछा

Noun

परीक्षा • (parīkṣā)

test, examination

Synonyms

जाँच (jā̃c)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

পৰীক্ষা (Assamese script)
ᬧᬭᬷᬓ᭄ᬱᬵ (Balinese script)
পরীক্ষা (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰨𑰱𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀭𑀻𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀸 (Brahmi script)
ပရီက္ၑာ (Burmese script)
પરીક્ષા (Gujarati script)
ਪਰੀਕ੍ਸ਼ਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑌰𑍀𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦫꦷꦏ꧀ꦰꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑂩𑂲𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಪರೀಕ್ಷಾ (Kannada script)
បរីក្ឞា (Khmer script)
ປຣີກ຺ຩາ (Lao script)
പരീക്ഷാ (Malayalam script)
ᢒᠠᡵᡳᡳᡬᢢᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘨𑘲𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘰 (Modi script)
ᢒᠠᠷᠢᠢᢉᢔᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑧈𑧓𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐬𑐷𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐵 (Newa script)
ପରୀକ୍ଷା (Odia script)
ꢦꢬꢷꢒ꣄ꢰꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆫𑆵𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖨𑖱𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖯 (Siddham script)
පරීක්‍ෂා (Sinhalese script)
𑩰𑩼𑩑𑩛𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚤𑚯𑚊𑚶𑚭 (Takri script)
பரீக்ஷா (Tamil script)
పరీక్షా (Telugu script)
ปรีกฺษา (Thai script)
པ་རཱི་ཀྵཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒩𑒲𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑨫𑨁𑨊𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root परीक्ष् (parīkṣ)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾiːk.ʂɑː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾiːk.ʂɑː/

Noun

परीक्षा • (parīkṣā) stem, f

inspection, investigation, examination, test, trial by ordeal of various kinds

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of परीक्षा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	परीक्षा (parīkṣā)	परीक्षे (parīkṣe)	परीक्षाः (parīkṣāḥ)
accusative	परीक्षाम् (parīkṣām)	परीक्षे (parīkṣe)	परीक्षाः (parīkṣāḥ)
instrumental	परीक्षया (parīkṣayā) परीक्षा¹ (parīkṣā¹)	परीक्षाभ्याम् (parīkṣābhyām)	परीक्षाभिः (parīkṣābhiḥ)
dative	परीक्षायै (parīkṣāyai)	परीक्षाभ्याम् (parīkṣābhyām)	परीक्षाभ्यः (parīkṣābhyaḥ)
ablative	परीक्षायाः (parīkṣāyāḥ) परीक्षायै² (parīkṣāyai²)	परीक्षाभ्याम् (parīkṣābhyām)	परीक्षाभ्यः (parīkṣābhyaḥ)
genitive	परीक्षायाः (parīkṣāyāḥ) परीक्षायै² (parīkṣāyai²)	परीक्षयोः (parīkṣayoḥ)	परीक्षाणाम् (parīkṣāṇām)
locative	परीक्षायाम् (parīkṣāyām)	परीक्षयोः (parīkṣayoḥ)	परीक्षासु (parīkṣāsu)
vocative	परीक्षे (parīkṣe)	परीक्षे (parīkṣe)	परीक्षाः (parīkṣāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Punjabi: ਪਰਖ (parakh), ਪਰੀਖਿਆ (parīkhiā)
→ Bengali: পরীক্ষা (porikkha)
→ Hindi: परीक्षा (parīkṣā)
→ Khmer: បរីក្សា (paʼreksaa)
→ Malay: periksa
- > Indonesian: periksa (inherited)
- → Tagalog: paligsa
→ Old Javanese: parīkṣa
- > Javanese: ꦥꦫꦶꦏ꧀ꦱ (pariksa) (inherited)
→ Tamil: பரீட்சை (parīṭcai), பரிட்சை (pariṭcai)
→ Telugu: పరీక్ష (parīkṣa)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “परीक्षा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 605/3.