प्रुष्वा
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- প্ৰুষ্বা (Assamese script)
- ᬧ᭄ᬭᬸᬱ᭄ᬯᬵ (Balinese script)
- প্রুষ্বা (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰿𑰨𑰲𑰬𑰿𑰪𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀯𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ပြုၑွာ (Burmese script)
- પ્રુષ્વા (Gujarati script)
- ਪ੍ਰੁਸ਼੍ਵਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑍁𑌷𑍍𑌵𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦿꦸꦰ꧀ꦮꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂳𑂭𑂹𑂫𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಪ್ರುಷ್ವಾ (Kannada script)
- ប្រុឞ្វា (Khmer script)
- ປ຺ຣຸຩ຺ວາ (Lao script)
- പ്രുഷ്വാ (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᡵᡠᢢᠣᠸᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘳𑘬𑘿𑘪𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠷᠤᢔᢦᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧠𑧈𑧔𑧌𑧠𑧊𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐸𑐲𑑂𑐰𑐵 (Newa script)
- ପ୍ରୁଷ୍ଵା (Odia script)
- ꢦ꣄ꢬꢸꢰ꣄ꢮꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑇀𑆫𑆶𑆰𑇀𑆮𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖿𑖨𑖲𑖬𑖿𑖪𑖯 (Siddham script)
- ප්රුෂ්වා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰 𑪙𑩼𑩒𑪀 𑪙𑩾𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚶𑚤𑚰𑚶𑚦𑚭 (Takri script)
- ப்ருஷ்வா (Tamil script)
- ప్రుష్వా (Telugu script)
- ปฺรุษฺวา (Thai script)
- པྲུ་ཥྭཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒳𑒭𑓂𑒫𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑩇𑨫𑨃𑨯𑩇𑨭𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From the root प्रुष् (pruṣ, “to sprinkle, shower, wet, moisten”), from Proto-Indo-European *prews-.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pɾuʂ.ʋɑ́ː/, /pɾúʂ.ʋɑː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /pɾuʂ.ʋɑː/
Noun
प्रुष्वा • (pruṣvā́ or prúṣvā) stem, f
- hoarfrost, rime, ice
- Synonym: हिम (hima)
- c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 5.3.4.16.1:
- अथ प्रुष्वा गृह्णाति ।
- atha pruṣvā gṛhṇāti.
- He then takes the hoarfrost.
- अथ प्रुष्वा गृह्णाति ।
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 25.9:
- विधृ॑तिं॒ नाभ्या॑ धृ॒तँ रसे॑ना॒पो यू॒ष्णा मरी॑चीर्वि॒प्रुड्भि॑र्नीहा॒रमू॒ष्मणा॑ शी॒नं वस॑या॒ प्रुष्वा॒ अश्रु॑भिर्ह्रा॒दुनी॑र्दू॒षीका॑भिर॒स्ना रक्षाँ॑सि चि॒त्राण्यङ्गै॒र्नक्षत्राणि रू॒पेण॑ पृथि॒वीं त्व॒चा जु॑म्ब॒काय॒ स्वाहा॑ ॥
- vídhṛtiṃ nā́bhyā dhṛtám̐ rásenāpó yūṣṇā́ márīcīrviprúḍbhirnīhārámūṣmáṇā śīnáṃ vásayā prúṣvā áśrubhirhrādúnīrdūṣī́kābhirasnā́ rákṣām̐si citrā́ṇyáṅgairnákṣátrā́ṇí rūpéṇa pṛthivī́ṃ tvacā́ jumbakā́ya svā́hā.
- I gratify Separation with his navel;
Butter with his flavour;
the Waters with his broth;
Sunbeams with his drops of fat;
Hoarfrost with his heat;
Ice with his marrow;
Hailstones with his tears;
Thunderbolts with the rheum of his eyes;
Rākṣasas with his blood;
Bright things with his limbs;
Stars with his beauty;
Earth with his skin.
All-hail to Jumbaka!
- विधृ॑तिं॒ नाभ्या॑ धृ॒तँ रसे॑ना॒पो यू॒ष्णा मरी॑चीर्वि॒प्रुड्भि॑र्नीहा॒रमू॒ष्मणा॑ शी॒नं वस॑या॒ प्रुष्वा॒ अश्रु॑भिर्ह्रा॒दुनी॑र्दू॒षीका॑भिर॒स्ना रक्षाँ॑सि चि॒त्राण्यङ्गै॒र्नक्षत्राणि रू॒पेण॑ पृथि॒वीं त्व॒चा जु॑म्ब॒काय॒ स्वाहा॑ ॥
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | प्रुष्वा (pruṣvā) | प्रुष्वे (pruṣve) | प्रुष्वाः (pruṣvāḥ) |
| accusative | प्रुष्वाम् (pruṣvām) | प्रुष्वे (pruṣve) | प्रुष्वाः (pruṣvāḥ) |
| instrumental | प्रुष्वया (pruṣvayā) प्रुष्वा¹ (pruṣvā¹) |
प्रुष्वाभ्याम् (pruṣvābhyām) | प्रुष्वाभिः (pruṣvābhiḥ) |
| dative | प्रुष्वायै (pruṣvāyai) | प्रुष्वाभ्याम् (pruṣvābhyām) | प्रुष्वाभ्यः (pruṣvābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | प्रुष्वायाः (pruṣvāyāḥ) प्रुष्वायै² (pruṣvāyai²) |
प्रुष्वाभ्याम् (pruṣvābhyām) | प्रुष्वाभ्यः (pruṣvābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | प्रुष्वायाः (pruṣvāyāḥ) प्रुष्वायै² (pruṣvāyai²) |
प्रुष्वयोः (pruṣvayoḥ) | प्रुष्वाणाम् (pruṣvāṇām) |
| locative | प्रुष्वायाम् (pruṣvāyām) | प्रुष्वयोः (pruṣvayoḥ) | प्रुष्वासु (pruṣvāsu) |
| vocative | प्रुष्वे (pruṣve) | प्रुष्वे (pruṣve) | प्रुष्वाः (pruṣvāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “प्रुष्वा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 711/3.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “pruṣvā”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “प्रुष्वा”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 188
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191