म्लेच्छ
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit म्लेच्छ (mleccha).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /mleːt̪t͡ʃʰ/, [mleː(t̚)t͡ʃʰ]
Adjective
म्लेच्छ • (mlecch) (indeclinable)
Noun
म्लेच्छ • (mlecch) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | म्लेच्छ mlecch |
म्लेच्छ mlecch |
| oblique | म्लेच्छ mlecch |
म्लेच्छों mlecchõ |
| vocative | म्लेच्छ mlecch |
म्लेच्छो mleccho |
Further reading
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “म्लेच्छ”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ম্লেচ্ছ (Assamese script)
- ᬫ᭄ᬮᬾᬘ᭄ᬙ (Balinese script)
- ম্লেচ্ছ (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰿𑰩𑰸𑰓𑰿𑰔 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀘𑁆𑀙 (Brahmi script)
- မ္လေစ္ဆ (Burmese script)
- મ્લેચ્છ (Gujarati script)
- ਮ੍ਲੇਚ੍ਛ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍍𑌲𑍇𑌚𑍍𑌛 (Grantha script)
- ꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦕ꧀ꦖ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂹𑂪𑂵𑂒𑂹𑂓 (Kaithi script)
- ಮ್ಲೇಚ್ಛ (Kannada script)
- ម្លេច្ឆ (Khmer script)
- ມ຺ເລຈ຺ຉ (Lao script)
- മ്ലേച്ഛ (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᠯᡝᢜᡮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘿𑘩𑘹𑘓𑘿𑘔 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠯᠧᢋᠼᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧠𑧉𑧚𑦳𑧠𑦴 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑑂𑐮𑐾𑐔𑑂𑐕 (Newa script)
- ମ୍ଲେଚ୍ଛ (Odia script)
- ꢪ꣄ꢭꢾꢗ꣄ꢘ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑇀𑆬𑆼𑆖𑇀𑆗 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖿𑖩𑖸𑖓𑖿𑖔 (Siddham script)
- ම්ලෙච්ඡ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴 𑪙𑩽𑩔𑩡 𑪙𑩢 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚶𑚥𑚲𑚏𑚶𑚐 (Takri script)
- ம்லேச்ச² (Tamil script)
- మ్లేచ్ఛ (Telugu script)
- มฺเลจฺฉ (Thai script)
- མླེ་ཙྪ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑓂𑒪𑒹𑒔𑓂𑒕 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑩇𑨬𑨄𑨣𑩇𑨤 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Thought to be from a substrate language, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *mel-Vkku. Possibly related to Akkadian 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 (Me-luḫ-ḫa) or Sumerian 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 (Me-luh-haKI /Melukhkha, Meluḫḫa/).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /mlɐjt.t͡ɕʰɐ́/, [l̃lɐjt̚.t͡ɕʰɐ́]
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ml̪eːt̪.t͡ɕʰɐ/, [ml̪eːt̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐ]
Noun
म्लेच्छ • (mleccha) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | म्लेच्छः (mleccháḥ) | म्लेच्छौ (mlecchaú) म्लेच्छा¹ (mlecchā́¹) |
म्लेच्छाः (mlecchā́ḥ) म्लेच्छासः¹ (mlecchā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | म्लेच्छम् (mlecchám) | म्लेच्छौ (mlecchaú) म्लेच्छा¹ (mlecchā́¹) |
म्लेच्छान् (mlecchā́n) |
| instrumental | म्लेच्छेन (mlecchéna) | म्लेच्छाभ्याम् (mlecchā́bhyām) | म्लेच्छैः (mlecchaíḥ) म्लेच्छेभिः¹ (mlecchébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | म्लेच्छाय (mlecchā́ya) | म्लेच्छाभ्याम् (mlecchā́bhyām) | म्लेच्छेभ्यः (mlecchébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | म्लेच्छात् (mlecchā́t) | म्लेच्छाभ्याम् (mlecchā́bhyām) | म्लेच्छेभ्यः (mlecchébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | म्लेच्छस्य (mlecchásya) | म्लेच्छयोः (mleccháyoḥ) | म्लेच्छानाम् (mlecchā́nām) |
| locative | म्लेच्छे (mlecché) | म्लेच्छयोः (mleccháyoḥ) | म्लेच्छेषु (mlecchéṣu) |
| vocative | म्लेच्छ (mléccha) | म्लेच्छौ (mlécchau) म्लेच्छा¹ (mlécchā¹) |
म्लेच्छाः (mlécchāḥ) म्लेच्छासः¹ (mlécchāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- म्लेच्छराज्य (mleccharājya)
Descendants
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀼 (milakkhu), 𑀫𑁂𑀘𑁆𑀙 (meccha)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑁂𑀘𑁆𑀙 (meccha)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀮𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙 (miliccha)
- Old Marathi: मलैस (malaisa)
- Pali: milakkha, milakkhu (a borrowing from another Prakrit), milāca
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Braj: मेछ (mech)
- → Bengali: ম্লেচ্ছ (mleccho)
- → Hindi: म्लेच्छ (mlecch)
- → Kannada: ಮ್ಲೇಚ್ಛ (mlēccha)
- → Tamil: மிலேச்சன் (milēccaṉ)
- → Classical Newar: म्लेछ
- → Old Javanese: [script needed] (mleccha), [script needed] (maleca)
- Javanese: ꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦕ (mléca)
- → Old Marathi: म्लेंछ (mleṃcha)
- → Malayalam: മ്ലേച്ഛം (mlēcchaṁ), മ്ലേച്ഛൻ (mlēcchaṉ), മ്ലേച്ഛ (mlēccha)
- → Middle Chinese: 蔑戾車 (MC met let tsyhae), 蔑隸車 (MC met lejH tsyhae)
References
- “म्लेच्छ॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 423, column 2.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “म्लेच्छ”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 237
- Monier Williams (1899) “म्लेच्छ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 837/3.
