शक्र
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शक्र (śakra).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ʃək.ɾᵊ/, [ʃɐk.ɾᵊ]
Adjective
शक्र • (śakra) (indeclinable)
Proper noun
शक्र • (śakra) m
Further reading
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “शक्र”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- Platts, John T. (1884) “शक्र”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शक्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শক্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬓ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- শক্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰎𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀓𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ၐကြ (Burmese script)
- શક્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਕ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌕𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦏꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂍𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಶಕ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ឝក្រ (Khmer script)
- ຨກ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- ശക്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠠᡬᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘎𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᢉᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑦮𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐎𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଶକ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢯꢒ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆑𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖎𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ශක්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩜 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚊𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஶக்ர (Tamil script)
- శక్ర (Telugu script)
- ศกฺร (Thai script)
- ཤ་ཀྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒏𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨋𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From the root शक् (śak, “to be strong, powerful, capable”) + -र (-ra, “adjectival suffix”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕɐk.ɾɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕɐk.ɾɐ/
Adjective
शक्र • (śakrá) stem (root शक्)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शक्रः (śakráḥ) | शक्रौ (śakraú) शक्रा¹ (śakrā́¹) |
शक्राः (śakrā́ḥ) शक्रासः¹ (śakrā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | शक्रम् (śakrám) | शक्रौ (śakraú) शक्रा¹ (śakrā́¹) |
शक्रान् (śakrā́n) |
| instrumental | शक्रेण (śakréṇa) | शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्रैः (śakraíḥ) शक्रेभिः¹ (śakrébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शक्राय (śakrā́ya) | शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्रेभ्यः (śakrébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शक्रात् (śakrā́t) | शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्रेभ्यः (śakrébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शक्रस्य (śakrásya) | शक्रयोः (śakráyoḥ) | शक्राणाम् (śakrā́ṇām) |
| locative | शक्रे (śakré) | शक्रयोः (śakráyoḥ) | शक्रेषु (śakréṣu) |
| vocative | शक्र (śákra) | शक्रौ (śákrau) शक्रा¹ (śákrā¹) |
शक्राः (śákrāḥ) शक्रासः¹ (śákrāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शक्रा (śakrā́) | शक्रे (śakré) | शक्राः (śakrā́ḥ) |
| accusative | शक्राम् (śakrā́m) | शक्रे (śakré) | शक्राः (śakrā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | शक्रया (śakráyā) शक्रा¹ (śakrā́¹) |
शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्राभिः (śakrā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | शक्रायै (śakrā́yai) | शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्राभ्यः (śakrā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शक्रायाः (śakrā́yāḥ) शक्रायै² (śakrā́yai²) |
शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्राभ्यः (śakrā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शक्रायाः (śakrā́yāḥ) शक्रायै² (śakrā́yai²) |
शक्रयोः (śakráyoḥ) | शक्राणाम् (śakrā́ṇām) |
| locative | शक्रायाम् (śakrā́yām) | शक्रयोः (śakráyoḥ) | शक्रासु (śakrā́su) |
| vocative | शक्रे (śákre) | शक्रे (śákre) | शक्राः (śákrāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शक्रम् (śakrám) | शक्रे (śakré) | शक्राणि (śakrā́ṇi) शक्रा¹ (śakrā́¹) |
| accusative | शक्रम् (śakrám) | शक्रे (śakré) | शक्राणि (śakrā́ṇi) शक्रा¹ (śakrā́¹) |
| instrumental | शक्रेण (śakréṇa) | शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्रैः (śakraíḥ) शक्रेभिः¹ (śakrébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शक्राय (śakrā́ya) | शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्रेभ्यः (śakrébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शक्रात् (śakrā́t) | शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्रेभ्यः (śakrébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शक्रस्य (śakrásya) | शक्रयोः (śakráyoḥ) | शक्राणाम् (śakrā́ṇām) |
| locative | शक्रे (śakré) | शक्रयोः (śakráyoḥ) | शक्रेषु (śakréṣu) |
| vocative | शक्र (śákra) | शक्रे (śákre) | शक्राणि (śákrāṇi) शक्रा¹ (śákrā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Proper noun
शक्र • (śakrá) stem, m
- (Vedic religion, Hinduism) Indra
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.104.10:
- वी॒रेण्यः॒ क्रतु॒रिन्द्रः॑ सुश॒स्तिरु॒तापि॒ धेना॑ पुरुहू॒तमी॑ट्टे।
आर्द॑यद्वृ॒त्रमकृ॑णोदु लो॒कं स॑सा॒हे श॒क्रः पृत॑ना अभि॒ष्टिः॥- vīréṇyaḥ kráturíndraḥ suśastírutā́pi dhénā puruhūtámīṭṭe.
ā́rdayadvṛtrámákṛṇodu lokáṃ sasāhé śakráḥ pṛ́tanā abhiṣṭíḥ. - Heroic power and noble praise is Indra yea, the song worships him invoked of many.
Vṛtra he quelled, and gave men room and freedom: Śakra, victorious, hath conquered armies.
- vīréṇyaḥ kráturíndraḥ suśastírutā́pi dhénā puruhūtámīṭṭe.
- वी॒रेण्यः॒ क्रतु॒रिन्द्रः॑ सुश॒स्तिरु॒तापि॒ धेना॑ पुरुहू॒तमी॑ट्टे।
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 12.6.19:
- तं गोपायति राजेन्द्र शक्रः शरणमागतम्।
तेन संस्तम्भितः सर्पस्तस्मान्नाग्नौ पतत्यसौ॥- taṃ gopāyati rājendra śakraḥ śaraṇamāgatam.
tena saṃstambhitaḥ sarpastasmānnāgnau patatyasau. - [The Brāhmaṇas replied:] O best of kings, he [the snake Takṣaka] has not fallen into the fire because he is being protected by Indra, whom he has approached for shelter. Indra is holding him back from the fire.
- taṃ gopāyati rājendra śakraḥ śaraṇamāgatam.
- तं गोपायति राजेन्द्र शक्रः शरणमागतम्।
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 8.6.34:
- दूरभारोद्वहश्रान्ताः शक्रवैरोचनादयः।
अपारयन्तस्तं वोढुं विवशा विजहुः पथि॥- dūrabhārodvahaśrāntāḥ śakravairocanādayaḥ.
apārayantastaṃ voḍhuṃ vivaśā vijahuḥ pathi. - Because of conveying the great mountain for a long distance, Indra, Vairocana [son of Virocana, Mahābali] and the other demigods and demons became fatigued. Being unable to carry the mountain, they left it on the way.
- dūrabhārodvahaśrāntāḥ śakravairocanādayaḥ.
- दूरभारोद्वहश्रान्ताः शक्रवैरोचनादयः।
- (Buddhism) Śakra (Buddhism equivalent of Indra)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शक्रः (śakráḥ) | शक्रौ (śakraú) शक्रा¹ (śakrā́¹) |
शक्राः (śakrā́ḥ) शक्रासः¹ (śakrā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | शक्रम् (śakrám) | शक्रौ (śakraú) शक्रा¹ (śakrā́¹) |
शक्रान् (śakrā́n) |
| instrumental | शक्रेण (śakréṇa) | शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्रैः (śakraíḥ) शक्रेभिः¹ (śakrébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शक्राय (śakrā́ya) | शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्रेभ्यः (śakrébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शक्रात् (śakrā́t) | शक्राभ्याम् (śakrā́bhyām) | शक्रेभ्यः (śakrébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शक्रस्य (śakrásya) | शक्रयोः (śakráyoḥ) | शक्राणाम् (śakrā́ṇām) |
| locative | शक्रे (śakré) | शक्रयोः (śakráyoḥ) | शक्रेषु (śakréṣu) |
| vocative | शक्र (śákra) | शक्रौ (śákrau) शक्रा¹ (śákrā¹) |
शक्राः (śákrāḥ) शक्रासः¹ (śákrāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: sakka
- Prakrit: सक्क (sakka)
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “शक्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1045.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “śakra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शक्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “शक्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śakrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press