शालि
See also: शालीन
Sanskrit
Etymology
Unknown.[1][2] From a substrate language according to Michael Witzel.[3] Compare Kamkata-viri [script needed] (šälí, “rice”), among other Nuristani cognates, which may be loanwords from Sanskrit.
Some sources attempt to relate the word to the hapax शा॒रि॒शाका॑ (śāriśā́kā) whose meaning is unknown, or to Latin cārex (“sedge”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕɑː.l̪i/
Noun
- rice
- rice grains
- c. 700 CE, Daṇḍin, Daśakumāracarita:
- साकन्या तान्गन्धशालीन्संक्षुद्य मात्रया विशोष्यातपे मुहुर्मुहुः परिवर्त्य स्थिरसमाया भूमौ नालीपृष्टेन मृदुमृदु घट्टयन्ती तुषैरखण्डैस्तण्डुलान्पृथक्चकार
- sākanyā tāngandhaśālīnsaṃkṣudya mātrayā viśoṣyātape muhurmuhuḥ parivartya sthirasamāyā bhūmau nālīpṛṣṭena mṛdumṛdu ghaṭṭayantī tuṣairakhaṇḍaistaṇḍulānpṛthakcakāra
- having then stirred the scentful ricegrains and sun-dried them awhile on the ground, continuously overturning them at regular intervals and rubbing them cautiously with the surface of a tube, the maiden sundered their chaff from the unscathed grain
- साकन्या तान्गन्धशालीन्संक्षुद्य मात्रया विशोष्यातपे मुहुर्मुहुः परिवर्त्य स्थिरसमाया भूमौ नालीपृष्टेन मृदुमृदु घट्टयन्ती तुषैरखण्डैस्तण्डुलान्पृथक्चकार
- cooked rice
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शालिः (śāliḥ) | शाली (śālī) | शालयः (śālayaḥ) |
| accusative | शालिम् (śālim) | शाली (śālī) | शालीन् (śālīn) |
| instrumental | शालिना (śālinā) | शालिभ्याम् (śālibhyām) | शालिभिः (śālibhiḥ) |
| dative | शालये (śālaye) | शालिभ्याम् (śālibhyām) | शालिभ्यः (śālibhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शालेः (śāleḥ) | शालिभ्याम् (śālibhyām) | शालिभ्यः (śālibhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शालेः (śāleḥ) | शाल्योः (śālyoḥ) | शालीनाम् (śālīnām) |
| locative | शालौ (śālau) | शाल्योः (śālyoḥ) | शालिषु (śāliṣu) |
| vocative | शाले (śāle) | शाली (śālī) | शालयः (śālayaḥ) |
Descendants
- Pali: sāli
- → Thai: สาลี (“wheat”), สาลิ
- → Lao: ສາລີ (sā lī)
- → Northern Thai: ᩈᩣᩃᩦ (“wheat; maize”)
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀺 (sāli)
- → Chinese: 舍利 (shèlì)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śāli-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 632
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “śāliḥ”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 329
- ^ Witzel, Michael (2009) “The linguistic history of some Indian domestic plants”, in Journal of BioSciences[3], volume 34, number 6, pages 829—833
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “शालि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1068.
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śāli”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 719