श्वशुर
See also: श्वश्रू
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শ্বশুৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬰ᭄ᬯᬰᬸᬭ (Balinese script)
- শ্বশুর (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰿𑰪𑰫𑰲𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑁆𑀯𑀰𑀼𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ၐွၐုရ (Burmese script)
- શ્વશુર (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼੍ਵਸ਼ੁਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑍍𑌵𑌶𑍁𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦯ꧀ꦮꦯꦸꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂹𑂫𑂬𑂳𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಶ್ವಶುರ (Kannada script)
- ឝ្វឝុរ (Khmer script)
- ຨ຺ວຨຸຣ (Lao script)
- ശ്വശുര (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠣᠸᠠᡧᡠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘫𑘳𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠱᢦᠱᠤᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧠𑧊𑧋𑧔𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑑂𑐰𑐱𑐸𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଶ୍ଵଶୁର (Odia script)
- ꢯ꣄ꢮꢯꢸꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑇀𑆮𑆯𑆶𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖿𑖪𑖫𑖲𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ශ්වශුර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿 𑪙𑩾𑩿𑩒𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚶𑚦𑚧𑚰𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஶ்வஶுர (Tamil script)
- శ్వశుర (Telugu script)
- ศฺวศุร (Thai script)
- ཤྭ་ཤུ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑓂𑒫𑒬𑒳𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑩇𑨭𑨮𑨃𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swáćuras, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros (“father-in-law”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἑκυρός (hekurós), Latin socer, Old English sweor.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕʋɐ́.ɕu.ɾɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕʋɐ.ɕu.ɾɐ/
Noun
श्वशुर • (śváśura) stem, m (feminine श्वश्रू)
- father-in-law (either the husband's or the wife's father)
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.95.4:
- सा वसु॒ दध॑ती॒ श्वशु॑राय॒ वय॒ उषो॒ यदि॒ वष्ट्यन्ति॑गृहात् ।
अस्तं॑ ननक्षे॒ यस्मि॑ञ्चा॒कन्दिवा॒ नक्तं॑ श्नथि॒ता वै॑त॒सेन॑ ॥- sā́ vásu dádhatī śváśurāya váya úṣo yádi váṣṭyántigṛhāt.
ástaṃ nanakṣe yásmiñcākándívā náktaṃ śnathitā́ vaitaséna. - Giving her husband's father life and riches, from the neighbouring dwelling, when her lover craved her,
She sought the home wherein she found her pleasure, accepting day and night her husband's embraces.
- sā́ vásu dádhatī śváśurāya váya úṣo yádi váṣṭyántigṛhāt.
- सा वसु॒ दध॑ती॒ श्वशु॑राय॒ वय॒ उषो॒ यदि॒ वष्ट्यन्ति॑गृहात् ।
Usage notes
It can indicate both the husband's or the wife's father. In the oldest language however it only denotes the husband’s father.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | श्वशुरः (śváśuraḥ) | श्वशुरौ (śváśurau) श्वशुरा¹ (śváśurā¹) |
श्वशुराः (śváśurāḥ) श्वशुरासः¹ (śváśurāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | श्वशुरम् (śváśuram) | श्वशुरौ (śváśurau) श्वशुरा¹ (śváśurā¹) |
श्वशुरान् (śváśurān) |
| instrumental | श्वशुरेण (śváśureṇa) | श्वशुराभ्याम् (śváśurābhyām) | श्वशुरैः (śváśuraiḥ) श्वशुरेभिः¹ (śváśurebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | श्वशुराय (śváśurāya) | श्वशुराभ्याम् (śváśurābhyām) | श्वशुरेभ्यः (śváśurebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | श्वशुरात् (śváśurāt) | श्वशुराभ्याम् (śváśurābhyām) | श्वशुरेभ्यः (śváśurebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | श्वशुरस्य (śváśurasya) | श्वशुरयोः (śváśurayoḥ) | श्वशुराणाम् (śváśurāṇām) |
| locative | श्वशुरे (śváśure) | श्वशुरयोः (śváśurayoḥ) | श्वशुरेषु (śváśureṣu) |
| vocative | श्वशुर (śváśura) | श्वशुरौ (śváśurau) श्वशुरा¹ (śváśurā¹) |
श्वशुराः (śváśurāḥ) श्वशुरासः¹ (śváśurāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Gandhari: 𐨯𐨿𐨤𐨭𐨂𐨪 (spaśura) (from unassimilated Sanskrit *स्वशुर (*svaśura))
- Pali: sasura
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲𑀼𑀭 (sasura), 𑀲𑀼𑀲𑀼𑀭 (susura)
- Central:
- Eastern:
- Northern:
- Nepali: ससुरा (sasurā)
- Northwestern:
- Western:
- → Telugu: శ్వశురుడు (śvaśuruḍu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “श्वशुर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1105, column 3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śváśura-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 675-676
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śváśura”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 739