सन
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /sən/, [sɐ̃n]
Etymology 1
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀡 (saṇa), from Sanskrit शण (śaṇá, “a kind of hemp”).
Noun
सन • (san) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | सन san |
सन san |
| oblique | सन san |
सनों sanõ |
| vocative | सन san |
सनो sano |
Etymology 2
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀡 (saṇa), from Sanskrit स्वन (svaná, “sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂- (“to sound”). Likely influenced by onomatopoeia[1] in all senses, and सन्न (sann) in the figurative senses. Related to English sound and Spanish sonar.
Noun
सन • (san) f (Urdu spelling سن)
- a vibrant and insistent sound, whizzing, whistling, jingling
- (figurative) thrill (of delight)
- (figurative) darting pain (as of a boil)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | सन san |
सनें sanẽ |
| oblique | सन san |
सनों sanõ |
| vocative | सन san |
सनो sano |
Related terms
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “svaná”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- সন (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬦ (Balinese script)
- সন (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- သန (Burmese script)
- સન (Gujarati script)
- ਸਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಸನ (Kannada script)
- សន (Khmer script)
- ສນ (Lao script)
- സന (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐣 (Newa script)
- ସନ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖡 (Siddham script)
- සන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚝 (Takri script)
- ஸந (Tamil script)
- సన (Telugu script)
- สน (Thai script)
- ས་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sɐ́.nɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/
Etymology 1
| PIE word |
|---|
| *sénos |
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sánas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sánas, from Proto-Indo-European *sénos (“old”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕνος (hénos), Old Armenian հին (hin), Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (sineigs), Lithuanian sẽnas, Latvian sens, and Latin senex (whence English senex).
Adjective
सन • (sána) stem (comparative सन्यस्)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सनः (sánaḥ) | सनौ (sánau) सना¹ (sánā¹) |
सनाः (sánāḥ) सनासः¹ (sánāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | सनम् (sánam) | सनौ (sánau) सना¹ (sánā¹) |
सनान् (sánān) |
| instrumental | सनेन (sánena) | सनाभ्याम् (sánābhyām) | सनैः (sánaiḥ) सनेभिः¹ (sánebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | सनाय (sánāya) | सनाभ्याम् (sánābhyām) | सनेभ्यः (sánebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सनात् (sánāt) | सनाभ्याम् (sánābhyām) | सनेभ्यः (sánebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सनस्य (sánasya) | सनयोः (sánayoḥ) | सनानाम् (sánānām) |
| locative | सने (sáne) | सनयोः (sánayoḥ) | सनेषु (sáneṣu) |
| vocative | सन (sána) | सनौ (sánau) सना¹ (sánā¹) |
सनाः (sánāḥ) सनासः¹ (sánāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सना (sánā) | सने (sáne) | सनाः (sánāḥ) |
| accusative | सनाम् (sánām) | सने (sáne) | सनाः (sánāḥ) |
| instrumental | सनया (sánayā) सना¹ (sánā¹) |
सनाभ्याम् (sánābhyām) | सनाभिः (sánābhiḥ) |
| dative | सनायै (sánāyai) | सनाभ्याम् (sánābhyām) | सनाभ्यः (sánābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सनायाः (sánāyāḥ) सनायै² (sánāyai²) |
सनाभ्याम् (sánābhyām) | सनाभ्यः (sánābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सनायाः (sánāyāḥ) सनायै² (sánāyai²) |
सनयोः (sánayoḥ) | सनानाम् (sánānām) |
| locative | सनायाम् (sánāyām) | सनयोः (sánayoḥ) | सनासु (sánāsu) |
| vocative | सने (sáne) | सने (sáne) | सनाः (sánāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सनम् (sánam) | सने (sáne) | सनानि (sánāni) सना¹ (sánā¹) |
| accusative | सनम् (sánam) | सने (sáne) | सनानि (sánāni) सना¹ (sánā¹) |
| instrumental | सनेन (sánena) | सनाभ्याम् (sánābhyām) | सनैः (sánaiḥ) सनेभिः¹ (sánebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | सनाय (sánāya) | सनाभ्याम् (sánābhyām) | सनेभ्यः (sánebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सनात् (sánāt) | सनाभ्याम् (sánābhyām) | सनेभ्यः (sánebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सनस्य (sánasya) | सनयोः (sánayoḥ) | सनानाम् (sánānām) |
| locative | सने (sáne) | सनयोः (sánayoḥ) | सनेषु (sáneṣu) |
| vocative | सन (sána) | सने (sáne) | सनानि (sánāni) सना¹ (sánā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From the root सन् (san). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνύω (anúō, “cause, accomplish”), the source of authentic (see αὐθέντης (authéntēs)).
Noun
सन • (sana) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सनः (sanaḥ) | सनौ (sanau) सना¹ (sanā¹) |
सनाः (sanāḥ) सनासः¹ (sanāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | सनम् (sanam) | सनौ (sanau) सना¹ (sanā¹) |
सनान् (sanān) |
| instrumental | सनेन (sanena) | सनाभ्याम् (sanābhyām) | सनैः (sanaiḥ) सनेभिः¹ (sanebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | सनाय (sanāya) | सनाभ्याम् (sanābhyām) | सनेभ्यः (sanebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सनात् (sanāt) | सनाभ्याम् (sanābhyām) | सनेभ्यः (sanebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सनस्य (sanasya) | सनयोः (sanayoḥ) | सनानाम् (sanānām) |
| locative | सने (sane) | सनयोः (sanayoḥ) | सनेषु (saneṣu) |
| vocative | सन (sana) | सनौ (sanau) सना¹ (sanā¹) |
सनाः (sanāḥ) सनासः¹ (sanāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
सन • (sana) stem, m
- the flapping of an elephant's ears (L.)
- (botany) Bignonia suaveolens or Terminalia tomentosa (L.)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सनः (sanaḥ) | सनौ (sanau) सना¹ (sanā¹) |
सनाः (sanāḥ) सनासः¹ (sanāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | सनम् (sanam) | सनौ (sanau) सना¹ (sanā¹) |
सनान् (sanān) |
| instrumental | सनेन (sanena) | सनाभ्याम् (sanābhyām) | सनैः (sanaiḥ) सनेभिः¹ (sanebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | सनाय (sanāya) | सनाभ्याम् (sanābhyām) | सनेभ्यः (sanebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सनात् (sanāt) | सनाभ्याम् (sanābhyām) | सनेभ्यः (sanebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सनस्य (sanasya) | सनयोः (sanayoḥ) | सनानाम् (sanānām) |
| locative | सने (sane) | सनयोः (sanayoḥ) | सनेषु (saneṣu) |
| vocative | सन (sana) | सनौ (sanau) सना¹ (sanā¹) |
सनाः (sanāḥ) सनासः¹ (sanāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “सन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1140/3, 1141/1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “sána-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 695