सोम
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit सोम (soma).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /soːm/, [sõːm]
Noun
सोम • (som) m
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | सोम som |
सोम som |
| oblique | सोम som |
सोमों somõ |
| vocative | सोम som |
सोमो somo |
Khaling
Noun
सोम (transliteration needed)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- সোম (Assamese script)
- ᬲᭀᬫ (Balinese script)
- সোম (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰺𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁄𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- သောမ (Burmese script)
- સોમ (Gujarati script)
- ਸੋਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍋𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦺꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂷𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಸೋಮ (Kannada script)
- សោម (Khmer script)
- ໂສມ (Lao script)
- സോമ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠣᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘻𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠣᠸᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧜𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑑀𑐩 (Newa script)
- ସୋମ (Odia script)
- ꢱꣂꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆾𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖺𑖦 (Siddham script)
- සොම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩕𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚴𑚢 (Takri script)
- ஸோம (Tamil script)
- సోమ (Telugu script)
- โสม (Thai script)
- སོ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒼𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨆𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwHmas (“soma”), from Proto-Indo-European *sówh₁-mo-s, from *sewh₁- (“to press (forth)”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀 (haoma).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sɐ́w.mɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪oː.mɐ/
Noun
सोम • (sóma) stem, m
- the Soma drink; the juice or extract, of the soma plant
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.3:
- अपा॑म॒ सोम॑म॒मृता॑ अभू॒माग॑न्म॒ ज्योति॒रवि॑दाम दे॒वान्।
किं नू॒नम॒स्मान्कृ॑णव॒दरा॑तिः॒ किमु॑ धू॒र्तिर॑मृत॒ मर्त्य॑स्य॥- ápāma sómamamṛ́tā abhūmā́ganma jyótirávidāma devā́n.
kíṃ nūnámasmā́nkṛṇavadárātiḥ kímu dhūrtíramṛta mártyasya. - We drink the Soma, may we become immortal; we have attained the light of heaven, we have knownthe gods; what now could the enemy do to us, or what, O immortal, should the aggriever do to the mortal?
- ápāma sómamamṛ́tā abhūmā́ganma jyótirávidāma devā́n.
- अपा॑म॒ सोम॑म॒मृता॑ अभू॒माग॑न्म॒ ज्योति॒रवि॑दाम दे॒वान्।
- the soma plant itself
- the moon
- soma sacrifice
- a day destined for extracting the soma-juice
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सोमः (sómaḥ) | सोमौ (sómau) सोमा¹ (sómā¹) |
सोमाः (sómāḥ) सोमासः¹ (sómāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | सोमम् (sómam) | सोमौ (sómau) सोमा¹ (sómā¹) |
सोमान् (sómān) |
| instrumental | सोमेन (sómena) | सोमाभ्याम् (sómābhyām) | सोमैः (sómaiḥ) सोमेभिः¹ (sómebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | सोमाय (sómāya) | सोमाभ्याम् (sómābhyām) | सोमेभ्यः (sómebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सोमात् (sómāt) | सोमाभ्याम् (sómābhyām) | सोमेभ्यः (sómebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सोमस्य (sómasya) | सोमयोः (sómayoḥ) | सोमानाम् (sómānām) |
| locative | सोमे (sóme) | सोमयोः (sómayoḥ) | सोमेषु (sómeṣu) |
| vocative | सोम (sóma) | सोमौ (sómau) सोमा¹ (sómā¹) |
सोमाः (sómāḥ) सोमासः¹ (sómāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- → Punjabi: ਸੋਮ (som)
Proper noun
सोम • (sóma) stem, m
- Soma personified as a deity
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.48.8:
- सोम॑ राजन्मृ॒ळया॑ नः स्व॒स्ति तव॑ स्मसि व्र॒त्या॒३॒॑स्तस्य॑ विद्धि।
अल॑र्ति॒ दक्ष॑ उ॒त म॒न्युरि॑न्दो॒ मा नो॑ अ॒र्यो अ॑नुका॒मं परा॑ दाः॥- sóma rājanmṛḷáyā naḥ svastí táva smasi vratyā̀stásya viddhi.
álarti dákṣa utá manyúrindo mā́ no aryó anukāmáṃ párā dāḥ. - King Soma, bless us for our welfare; we worshippers are yours, do you recognize it; the enemy goesstrong and fierce, O Soma; give us not over to him as he desires.
- sóma rājanmṛḷáyā naḥ svastí táva smasi vratyā̀stásya viddhi.
- सोम॑ राजन्मृ॒ळया॑ नः स्व॒स्ति तव॑ स्मसि व्र॒त्या॒३॒॑स्तस्य॑ विद्धि।
- a name of Chandra
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सोमः (sómaḥ) | सोमौ (sómau) सोमा¹ (sómā¹) |
सोमाः (sómāḥ) सोमासः¹ (sómāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | सोमम् (sómam) | सोमौ (sómau) सोमा¹ (sómā¹) |
सोमान् (sómān) |
| instrumental | सोमेन (sómena) | सोमाभ्याम् (sómābhyām) | सोमैः (sómaiḥ) सोमेभिः¹ (sómebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | सोमाय (sómāya) | सोमाभ्याम् (sómābhyām) | सोमेभ्यः (sómebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सोमात् (sómāt) | सोमाभ्याम् (sómābhyām) | सोमेभ्यः (sómebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सोमस्य (sómasya) | सोमयोः (sómayoḥ) | सोमानाम् (sómānām) |
| locative | सोमे (sóme) | सोमयोः (sómayoḥ) | सोमेषु (sómeṣu) |
| vocative | सोम (sóma) | सोमौ (sómau) सोमा¹ (sómā¹) |
सोमाः (sómāḥ) सोमासः¹ (sómāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
See also
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “सोम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1249/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 748-9