ह्रादुनि

• ह्रादुनी (hradúnī)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₃d- (“hail”), perhaps ultimately from *ǵʰreh₁d- (“to sound, make a noise”) (whence also ह्रादते (hrādate)). Cognate with Latin grando (“hail”), Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut, “hail”), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “hail”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦɾɑː.dú.ni/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦɾɑː.d̪u.n̪i/

ह्रादुनि • (hrādúni) stem, f

1. hail, hailstone

   Synonyms: मटची (maṭacī), धाराङ्कुर (dhārāṅkura), जलशर्करा (jalaśarkarā), वर्षोपल (varṣopala)

   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.132.13:

     नास्मै॑ वि॒द्युन्न त॑न्य॒तुः सि॑षेध॒ न यां मिह॒मकि॑रद्ध्रा॒दुनिं॑ च ।
     इन्द्र॑श्च॒ यद्यु॑यु॒धाते॒ अहि॑श्चो॒ताप॒रीभ्यो॑ म॒घवा॒ वि जि॑ग्ये ॥

     nā́smai vidyúnná tanyatúḥ siṣedha ná yā́ṃ míhamákiraddhrādúniṃ ca.
     índraśca yádyuyudhā́te áhiścotā́parī́bhyo maghávā ví jigye.

     Nothing availed him lightning, nothing thunder, hail or mist which had spread around him:
     When Indra and Vṛtra strove in battle, Maghavan gained the victory for ever.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 25.9:

     विधृ॑तिं॒ नाभ्या॑ धृ॒तँ रसे॑ना॒पो यू॒ष्णा मरी॑चीर्वि॒प्रुड्भि॑र्नीहा॒रमू॒ष्मणा॑ शी॒नं वस॑या॒ प्रुष्वा॒ अश्रु॑भिर्ह्रा॒दुनी॑र्दू॒षीका॑भिर॒स्ना रक्षाँ॑सि चि॒त्राण्यङ्गै॒र्नक्षत्राणि रू॒पेण॑ पृथि॒वीं त्व॒चा जु॑म्ब॒काय॒ स्वाहा॑ ॥

     vídhṛtiṃ nā́bhyā dhṛtám̐ rásenāpó yūṣṇā́ márīcīrviprúḍbhirnīhārámūṣmáṇā śīnáṃ vásayā prúṣvā áśrubhirhrādúnīrdūṣī́kābhirasnā́ rákṣām̐si citrā́ṇyáṅgairnákṣátrā́ṇí rūpéṇa pṛthivī́ṃ tvacā́ jumbakā́ya svā́hā.

     I gratify Separation with his navel;
     Butter with his flavour;
     the Waters with his broth;
     Sunbeams with his drops of fat;
     Hoarfrost with his heat;
     Ice with his marrow;
     Hailstones with his tears;
     Thunderbolts with the rheum of his eyes;
     Rākṣasas with his blood;
     Bright things with his limbs;
     Stars with his beauty;
     Earth with his skin.
     All-hail to Jumbaka!

• Monier Williams (1899) “ह्रादुनि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1307.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “hrāduni”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “ह्रादुनि”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1768
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “ह्रादुनि”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 381
• Arthur Berriedale Keith, Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1912) “hrāduni”, in Vedic index of names and subjects, volume 2, London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, W. [Published for the Government of India], →OCLC, page 509