གི
Kurtöp
Etymology
Related to Dzongkha གི (gi) and Tibetan གི (gi).
According to Hyslop (2017 : 102), the forms གི (-gi) and འི (-i) are likely borrowed from Dzongkha or Tibetan, whereas ལི (-li) is the original inherited form. Synchronically, however, the three forms are part of the same morphophonological paradigm.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [-ɡi]
Particle
གི (-gi)
- Used to mark the preceding noun for the genitive case.
- Used to mark the preceding noun for the ergative case.
Usage notes
- After a nasal, the alternative form ལི (-li) may be used.
- After a vowel, the alternative forms ལི (-li) and འི (-i) may be used.
References
- G. Hyslop, K. Tshering, K. Lhendrup, P. Chhophyel (2016) Kurtöp-English-Dzongkha dictionary (draft), page 26
- Gwendolyn Hyslop (2017) A grammar of Kurtöp, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 101
Tibetan
Etymology
Maybe related to Chinese 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).
Pronunciation
- Old Tibetan: /*ɡi/
- Lhasa: /kiˑ/
- Old Tibetan:
- IPA(key): /*ɡi/ (reconstructed)
- Ü-Tsang
- Tibetan pinyin: gi
- (Lhasa) IPA(key): /kiˑ/
Particle
གི • (gi)
Usage notes
The five genitive particles are: འི ('i) (after vowels), ཡི (yi) (after vowels), གི (gi) (after -g or -ng), ཀྱི (kyi) (after -d, -b, -s) and གྱི (gyi) (after -n, -m, -r, -l).
The last three are usually pronounced identically in Lhasa Tibetan, and may be all written as གི (gi).