მკჲაფუ

Laz

Alternative forms

  • მჭაფუ (mç̌apu) — Atina, Vizha, Artasheni
  • მკიჲაფუ (mǩiyapu), მკიაფუ (mǩiapu), ნკჲაპუ (nǩyap̌u), კჲაფუ (ǩyapu)

Etymology

Etymologically მ-კჲ-აფ-უ (m-ǩy-ap-u, “the screamer”), from Proto-Kartvelian *ḳi- or *ḳiw- (“to cry, scream”), whence also Laz ო-კი-უ (o-ǩi-u, “to shout”), Mingrelian კიფ-ინ-ი (ḳip-in-i, “to shout”), Georgian კივ-ილ-ი (ḳiv-il-i, “to shriek”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈm̥kʲʼɑpʰu/
  • Hyphenation: მკჲა‧ფუ

Noun

მკჲაფუ • (mǩyapu) (Latin spelling mǩyapu) (Vitse–Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala)

  1. jackal
    Synonym: ლიპადრე (lip̌adre)
    ჯოღორიჩქიმიქ მკჲაფუ ძირაში ა შვაჯის ნაკაპამს
    coğoriçkimik mǩyapu żiraşi a şvacis naǩap̌ams
    When my dog sees a jackal, it attacks at once
    • 1930 – 1931, Niyazi Ahmet Banoğlu, Stories recorded by Georges Dumézil in Istanbul Adventures:[4]
      არ ორას დომაჭკინდუ დო არ მკიჲაფუშ გზას ქოგელაფხედ.
      ar oras domaç̌ǩindu do ar mǩiyapuş gzas kogelapxed.
      At one point I was tired. I sat down on a jackal's trail.
    • 1930 – 1931, Niyazi Ahmet Banoğlu, Stories recorded by Georges Dumézil in Istanbul Of:[5]
      მამულიქ დიკაფე დოჩოდინუშქულე ჰე არ დიკა-თ ჰემსატის მკიაფუ დივუ დო მამულ ოჭკომუ.
      mamulik diǩape doçodinuşkule he ar diǩa-t hemsaťis mǩiapu divu do mamul oç̌ǩomu.
      When the rooster had finished the (other) grains, this last grain became a jackal and ate the rooster.
    • 1960 – 1964, Muhsin Erol (a native of Şenköy born in 1940), Stories recorded by Georges Dumézil in Istanbul LVI.50:[6]
      არ ნკჲაპუში გზას ქაგედგითუ.
      ar nǩyap̌uşi gzas kagedgitu.
      He took a jackal's trail.

Declension

Declension of მკჲაფუ (mǩyapu) (see Laz declension)
singular plural
absolutive მკჲაფუ (mǩyapu) მკჲაფუფე (mǩyapupe)
ergative მკჲაფუქ (mǩyapuk) მკჲაფუფექ (mǩyapupek)
dative მკჲაფუს (mǩyapus) მკჲაფუფეს (mǩyapupes)
genitive მკჲაფუშ(ი) (mǩyapuş(i)) მკჲაფუფეშ(ი) (mǩyapupeş(i))
directive მკჲაფუშე (mǩyapuşe) მკჲაფუფეშე (mǩyapupeşe)
ablative მკჲაფუშენ (mǩyapuşen) მკჲაფუფეშენ (mǩyapupeşen)
locative მკჲაფუს (mǩyapus) მკჲაფუფეს (mǩyapupes)
instrumental მკჲაფუთენ (mǩyaputen) მკჲაფუფეთენ (mǩyapupeten)

Notes: dialects may differ on declension.

Derived terms

  • მკჲაფუ ბურღი (mǩyapu burği)
  • მკჲაფუ ქსინი (mǩyapu ksini)
  • მკჲაფუ მჭკომუ (mǩyapu mç̌ǩomu)
  • მკჲაფუში ხორონი (mǩyapuşi xoroni)
  • მკჲაფუში ჭანდა (mǩyapuşi ç̌anda), მკჲაფუ-დუღუნი (mǩyapu-duğuni, “name for the weather when it rains while the sun is shining”, literally “jackal's wedding”)

Descendants

  • → Armenian: ղիյափ (ġiyapʻ)
  • →? Mingrelian: მაკიაფი (maḳiapi) — Abzhua

References

  1. ^ Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳoni [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, page 102
  2. ^ Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 96
  3. ^ Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 243
  4. ^ Dumézil, Georges (1937) Contes lazes (Travaux et mémoires de l'Institut d'ethnologie; 27)‎[1] (in French), Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, page 18
  5. ^ Dumézil, Georges (1937) Contes lazes (Travaux et mémoires de l'Institut d'ethnologie; 27)‎[2] (in French), Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, page 57
  6. ^ Dumézil, Georges (1967) Documents anatoliens sur les langues et les traditions du Caucase IV: Récits lazes en dialecte d'Arhavi (parler de Şenköy)‎[3] (in French), Paris: Presses universitaires de France, pages 172, 174

Further reading

  • Amse-de Jong, Tine H. (2004) “ǩyapu, mǩyapu, ç̌apu (?)”, in Laz–English Dictionary, Freudenstadt: Kaukasus Verlag, →ISBN, page 51a
  • Bucaklişi, İsmail Avcı, Uzunhasanoğlu, Hasan, Aleksiva, Irfan (2007) “mǩyapu”, in Büyük Lazca Sözlük / Didi Lazuri Nenapuna [Great Laz Dictionary] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Chiviyazıları, page 554ab
  • Ḳalandia, Tea (2007) “მკჲაფუ, კჲაფუ”, in Buba Ḳudava, editor, 2000 lazuri siṭq̇va: saleksiḳono masala [2000 Laz words: dictionary material] (Ḳolxuri seria; 1), Tbilisi: Artanuji, →ISBN, page 44
  • Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “mkyʼapu”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎[4] (in Turkish)
  • Marr, N. (1910) “კჲაფუ”, in Грамматика чанского (лазского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Chan (Laz) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 2) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 156a
  • Tandilava, Ali (2013) “მკჲაფუ”, in Merab Čuxua, Natela Kutelia, Lile Tandilava, Lali Ezugbaia, editors, Lazuri leksiḳoni [Laz Dictionary]‎[5], online version prepared by Levan Vašaḳiʒe, Tbilisi
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