ობოლი

Georgian

Etymology

The origin is uncertain.

Often compared to Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”), especially to its reflex Old Armenian որբո- (orbo-), and sometimes considered a borrowing from the Armenian term.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

In his earlier work Klimov (1964) reconstructs Proto-Georgian-Zan *obol- (“orphan”),^[3] however later he doubts the nativeness of the Kartvelian terms,^[7] and this reconstruction is no longer considered in his expanded 1998 version of the dictionary. Instead, he compares with Chechen бо (bo, “orphan”), Hunzib гьобол (hobol, “guest”).

Starostin connects it with controversial Proto-North-Caucasian *Hu(r)bV̆ ("orphan"),^[8] and considers the comparison with Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos to be problematic.^[9]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [oboli]
Hyphenation: ობო‧ლი

Noun

ობოლი • (oboli) (plural ობლები)

orphan

Declension

Declension of ობოლი (see Georgian declension)
	singular	plural	archaic plural
nominative	ობოლი (oboli)	ობლები (oblebi)	ობოლნი (obolni)
ergative	ობოლმა (obolma)	ობლებმა (oblebma)	ობოლთ(ა) (obolt(a))
dative	ობოლს(ა) (obols(a))	ობლებს(ა) (oblebs(a))	ობოლთ(ა) (obolt(a))
genitive	ობლის(ა) (oblis(a))	ობლების(ა) (oblebis(a))	ობოლთ(ა) (obolt(a))
instrumental	ობლით(ა) (oblit(a))	ობლებით(ა) (oblebit(a))	—
adverbial	ობლად(ა) (oblad(a))	ობლებად(ა) (oblebad(a))	—
vocative	ობოლო (obolo)	ობლებო (oblebo)	ობოლნო (obolno)

Notes: archaic plurals might not exist.

Postpositional inflection of ობოლი (see Georgian postpositions)
dative-case postpositions	singular	plural
-ზე (-ze, “on”)	ობოლზე (obolze)	ობლებზე (oblebze)
-თან (-tan, “near”)	ობოლთან (oboltan)	ობლებთან (oblebtan)
-ში (-ši, “in”)	ობოლში (obolši)	ობლებში (oblebši)
-ვით (-vit, “like”)	ობოლივით (obolivit)	ობლებივით (oblebivit)

genitive-case postpositions	singular	plural
-თვის (-tvis, “for”)	ობლისთვის (oblistvis)	ობლებისთვის (oblebistvis)
-ებრ (-ebr, “like”)	ობლისებრ (oblisebr)	ობლებისებრ (oblebisebr)
-კენ (-ḳen, “towards”)	ობლისკენ (oblisḳen)	ობლებისკენ (oblebisḳen)
-გან (-gan, “from/of”)	ობლისგან (oblisgan)	ობლებისგან (oblebisgan)
-ადმი (-admi, “in relation to”)	ობლისადმი (oblisadmi)	ობლებისადმი (oblebisadmi)

instrumental-case postpositions	singular	plural
-დან (-dan, “from/since”)	ობლიდან (oblidan)	ობლებიდან (oblebidan)
-ურთ (-urt, “together with”)	ობლითურთ (obliturt)	ობლებითურთ (oblebiturt)

adverbial-case postpositions	singular	plural
-მდე (-mde, “up to”)	ობლამდე (oblamde)	ობლებამდე (oblebamde)

Related terms

ობლობა (obloba)
დაობლება (daobleba)

Descendants

→ Mingrelian: ომბოლი (omboli)
→ Svan: უ̂ობელ (ûobel)

References

^ Mirianischvili, Pierre (1910) “Sur le rapport mutuel entre le géorgien et l'arménien”, in Revue de Linguistique et de Philologie comparée‎^[1] (in French), volume 43, Paris, page 257 of 233–270
^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “որբ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 575b
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Klimov, G. A. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, pages 149-150
^ Джаукян, Г. Б. (1967) Взаимоотношение индоевропейских, хурритско-урартских и кавказских языков [The interrelationship of Indo-European, Hurro-Urartian and Caucasian languages] (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 95
^ Djahukian, Gevork B. (1990) “Did Armenians Live in Asia Anterior Before the Twelfth Century B.C.?”, in T. L. Markey and J. A. C. Greppin, editors, When Worlds Collide: Indo-Europeans and Pre-Indo-Europeans, Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, page 31 of 25–33
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 45
^ Klimov, G. A. (1970) “О некоторых словарных общностях картвельских и нахско-дагестанских языков [On some common vocabulary in Kartvelian and Nakh-Daghestanian languages]”, in Этимология‎^[2], Moscow: Nauka, page 351 of 349–355
^ Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) “*HubV̆”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎^[3], Moscow: Asterisk Publishers
^ Starostin, S. A. (2005) “*obol-”, in Kartvelian etymological database compiled on the basis of G. Klimov's and Fähnrich-Sarjveladze's etymological dictionaries of Kartvelian languages

[1] Mirianischvili, Pierre (1910) “Sur le rapport mutuel entre le géorgien et l'arménien”, in Revue de Linguistique et de Philologie comparée‎^[1] (in French), volume 43, Paris, page 257 of 233–270

[2] Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “որբ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 575b

[Klimov1964-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Klimov, G. A. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, pages 149-150

[4] Джаукян, Г. Б. (1967) Взаимоотношение индоевропейских, хурритско-урартских и кавказских языков [The interrelationship of Indo-European, Hurro-Urartian and Caucasian languages] (in Russian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 95

[5] Djahukian, Gevork B. (1990) “Did Armenians Live in Asia Anterior Before the Twelfth Century B.C.?”, in T. L. Markey and J. A. C. Greppin, editors, When Worlds Collide: Indo-Europeans and Pre-Indo-Europeans, Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, page 31 of 25–33

[6] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 45

[7] Klimov, G. A. (1970) “О некоторых словарных общностях картвельских и нахско-дагестанских языков [On some common vocabulary in Kartvelian and Nakh-Daghestanian languages]”, in Этимология‎^[2], Moscow: Nauka, page 351 of 349–355

[8] Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) “*HubV̆”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎^[3], Moscow: Asterisk Publishers

[9] Starostin, S. A. (2005) “*obol-”, in Kartvelian etymological database compiled on the basis of G. Klimov's and Fähnrich-Sarjveladze's etymological dictionaries of Kartvelian languages

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