ḫꜣm

See also: ḥꜣm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to bend (one’s arms or back) as a sign of reverence [since the Middle Kingdom]
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 86–88:


      ꜥḥꜥ.n wšb.n.j n.f st ꜥwj.j ḫꜣm(.w) m bꜣḥ.f ḏd.j n.f
      Then I answered him this, my arms bowed before him, saying to him: […]
  2. (intransitive) to bow down in reverence [since the Middle Kingdom]
  3. (transitive, Late Egyptian) to hold on to, to keep in one’s possession
  4. (transitive, Late Egyptian) to succeed in

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫꜣm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫꜣm, geminated stem: ḫꜣmm
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḫꜣm
 ḫꜣmw, ḫꜣm
 ḫꜣmt
 ḫꜣm
 ḫꜣm
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḫꜣm
 ḥr ḫꜣm
 m ḫꜣm
 r ḫꜣm
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḫꜣm.n
 ḫꜣmw, ḫꜣm
 consecutive ḫꜣm.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḫꜣmt
perfective3 ḫꜣm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḫꜣm.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḫꜣm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḫꜣm
 ḫꜣmm
 potentialis1 ḫꜣm.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḫꜣm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḫꜣm.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḫꜣm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḫꜣm
 ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmw5, ḫꜣmy5
imperfective ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmy, ḫꜣmw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmj6, ḫꜣmy6
 ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmw5
prospective ḫꜣm, ḫꜣmtj7
 — ḫꜣmtj4, ḫꜣmt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫꜣm  

ḫꜣm ẖꜣm ḫꜣm
[Middle Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom]

References

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