ḫftj
Egyptian
Etymology
From ḫft (“facing, opposite”) + -j (“nisba ending”); the noun is simply a nominalized use of the nisba adjective.
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /xɛfti/
- Conventional anglicization: khefti
Adjective
| |
Inflection
| masculine | feminine | |
|---|---|---|
| singular | ḫftj |
ḫftt |
| dual | ḫftjwj, ḫftwj |
ḫfttj |
| plural | ḫftjw, ḫftw |
ḫftwt1, ḫftt2 |
1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫftj
Noun
| |
m
- enemy, adversary
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 21–22:
- mꜣꜥ.n.sn n zꜣ ꜣst ḫft(j).f ḫr n qn.f
- To the son of Isis they have delivered his adversary, fallen through his (own) violence.
- c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 13:
- smꜣꜥ-ḫrw.k r ḫft(j)w.k
- May you be vindicated against your enemies!
Inflection
| singular | ḫftj |
|---|---|
| dual | ḫftjwj |
| plural | ḫftjw |
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫftj
|
| |||||||
| ḫftj | ḫft |
Descendants
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉϥⲧ (xeft)
- Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁϥϯ (šafti)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉϥϯ (šefti)
- Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲁϥⲧⲉ (šafte)
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 40, 88, 91, 339.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 71