ḫsf

See also: HSF

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈχaːsaf/ → /ˈχaːsaf/ → /ˈχaːsəf/ → /ˈχoːsəf/

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to bar, to thwart, to fend off (+ ḥr: to prevent from doing)
  2. (intransitive) to punish (+ n: to punish (someone))
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.1–2.2:











      (j)m ꜥꜣ jb.k ḥr ḫpš m ḥr(j) jb ḏꜣmw.k zꜣw jtn.k nj rḫ.n.tw ḫprt jrrt nṯr ḫft ḫsf.f
      Don’t grow arrogant (lit. don’t make your heart big) on account of (your) strength in the midst of your cohort, lest you be challenged. One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Ptahhotep (pPrisse/pBN 186–194) lines 6.1–6.2 (74–77):














      jr gm.k ḏꜣjsw m ꜣt.f m ḥwrw nj js mjtw.k m ꜣd(w) jb.k r.f ḫft ẖzz.f jmj sw r tꜣ ḫsf.f n.f ḏs.f
      If you find a disputant in the act who is an inferior and not your equal, don’t let yourself rage at him in accordance with his being wretched; set him aside (literally, “to the earth”) and he himself will punish himself.
  3. (intransitive, with r) to oppose
    ― jm ḫsf r.j ― Do not oppose me.

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫsf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫsf, geminated stem: ḫsff
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḫsf
 ḫsfw, ḫsf
 ḫsft
 ḫsf
 ḫsf
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḫsf
 ḥr ḫsf
 m ḫsf
 r ḫsf
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḫsf.n
 ḫsfw, ḫsf
 consecutive ḫsf.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḫsft
perfective3 ḫsf
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḫsf.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḫsf
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḫsf
 ḫsff
 potentialis1 ḫsf.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḫsf
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḫsf.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḫsf
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḫsf
 ḫsf, ḫsfw5, ḫsfy5
imperfective ḫsf, ḫsfy, ḫsfw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḫsf, ḫsfj6, ḫsfy6
 ḫsf, ḫsfw5
prospective ḫsf, ḫsftj7
 — ḫsftj4, ḫsft4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫsf  
ḫsb ḫsf
[Pyramid Texts]

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲱⲥϥ (xōsf)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲱϣϥ (šōšf)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲱϣϥ (sōšf)

References

  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 173, 218, 388.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 134, 147
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