ἀκινάκης

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

κινάκης (kinákēs)

Etymology

Perhaps borrowed from Iranian, compare Sogdian 𐼋𐼎𐼊𐼀𐼋 (knyʾk /⁠kīnak⁠/, “sword”),^[1] Mazanderani کینه (kine), Persian (sikinah), یسکینه (iskinah, “chisel”), possibly from Proto-Iranian *kanH- (“to dig”), or alternatively borrowed from Pre-Greek.^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.kiː.ná.kɛːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.kiˈna.ke̝s/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.ciˈna.cis/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.ciˈna.cis/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.ciˈna.cis/

Noun

ἀκῑνάκης • (akīnákēs) m (genitive ἀκῑνάκου); first declension

short straight sword, used by Persians and Scythians

Inflection

First declension of ὁ ἀκῑνάκης; τοῦ ἀκῑνάκου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἀκῑνάκης ho akīnákēs	τὼ ἀκῑνάκᾱ tṑ akīnákā	οἱ ἀκῑνάκαι hoi akīnákai
Genitive	τοῦ ἀκῑνάκου toû akīnákou	τοῖν ἀκῑνάκαιν toîn akīnákain	τῶν ἀκῑνακῶν tôn akīnakôn
Dative	τῷ ἀκῑνάκῃ tōî akīnákēi	τοῖν ἀκῑνάκαιν toîn akīnákain	τοῖς ἀκῑνάκαις toîs akīnákais
Accusative	τὸν ἀκῑνάκην tòn akīnákēn	τὼ ἀκῑνάκᾱ tṑ akīnákā	τοὺς ἀκῑνάκᾱς toùs akīnákās
Vocative	ἀκῑνάκη akīnákē	ἀκῑνάκᾱ akīnákā	ἀκῑνάκαι akīnákai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

→ Latin: acinacēs

References

^ Hinz, Walther (1975) “akināka-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 27
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀκῑνάκης”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 52-53