ἀμέθυστος

See also: αμέθυστος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ μέθῠστος (méthŭstos, “drunken”), from μεθῠ́ω (methŭ́ō, “to be drunk on wine”), from μέθῠ (méthŭ, “wine”). Compare to εὐμέθῠστος (euméthŭstos, “easily made drunk”).[1]

The exact semantic development of the "stone" sense is uncertain. Beekes believes that the stone was named after the light color of diluted wine (that is, "non-drunk wine"),[1] while others have proposed that the Greeks believed that the amethyst prevented intoxication.

Pronunciation

 

Adjective

ᾰ̓μέθῠστος • (ăméthŭstos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓μέθῠστον); second declension

  1. (passive sense) not drunken, without drunkenness, sober
    Synonym: νηφάλιος (nēphálios)
  2. (active sense) not intoxicating

Declension

Second declension of ᾰ̓μέθῠστος; ᾰ̓μέθῠστον (Attic)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case/Gender Masculine / Feminine Neuter Masculine / Feminine Neuter Masculine / Feminine Neuter
Nominative ᾰ̓μέθῠστος
ăméthŭstos 		ᾰ̓μέθῠστον
ăméthŭston 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω
ămethŭ́stō 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω
ămethŭ́stō 		ᾰ̓μέθῠστοι
ăméthŭstoi 		ᾰ̓μέθῠστᾰ
ăméthŭstă
Genitive ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου
ămethŭ́stou 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου
ămethŭ́stou 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοιν
ămethŭ́stoin 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοιν
ămethŭ́stoin 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στων
ămethŭ́stōn 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στων
ămethŭ́stōn
Dative ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στῳ
ămethŭ́stōi 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στῳ
ămethŭ́stōi 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοιν
ămethŭ́stoin 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοιν
ămethŭ́stoin 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοις
ămethŭ́stois 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοις
ămethŭ́stois
Accusative ᾰ̓μέθῠστον
ăméthŭston 		ᾰ̓μέθῠστον
ăméthŭston 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω
ămethŭ́stō 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω
ămethŭ́stō 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στους
ămethŭ́stous 		ᾰ̓μέθῠστᾰ
ăméthŭstă
Vocative ᾰ̓μέθῠστε
ăméthŭste 		ᾰ̓μέθῠστον
ăméthŭston 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω
ămethŭ́stō 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω
ămethŭ́stō 		ᾰ̓μέθῠστοι
ăméthŭstoi 		ᾰ̓μέθῠστᾰ
ăméthŭstă
Derived forms Adverb Comparative Superlative
ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στως
ămethŭ́stōs 		ᾰ̓μεθῠστότερος
ămethŭstóteros 		ᾰ̓μεθῠστότᾰτος
ămethŭstótătos
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

  • ἀμέθῠστον (améthŭston)

Noun

ᾰ̓μέθῠστος • (ăméthŭstos) f (genitive ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου); second declension

  1. (substantive) remedy for drunkenness
  2. (botany) some sort of herb
  3. (geology) amethyst

Usage notes

The senses of an herb or an amethyst represent a narrowing of the earliest meaning, a remedy for drunkenness, because of both the herb's and amethysts' perceived ability to prevent or cure drunkenness.

Declension

Second declension of ἡ ᾰ̓μέθῠστος; τῆς ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ ᾰ̓μέθῠστος
hē ăméthŭstos 		τὼ ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω
tṑ ămethŭ́stō 		αἱ ᾰ̓μέθῠστοι
hai ăméthŭstoi
Genitive τῆς ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στου
tês ămethŭ́stou 		τοῖν ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοιν
toîn ămethŭ́stoin 		τῶν ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στων
tôn ămethŭ́stōn
Dative τῇ ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στῳ
tēî ămethŭ́stōi 		τοῖν ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοιν
toîn ămethŭ́stoin 		ταῖς ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στοις
taîs ămethŭ́stois
Accusative τὴν ᾰ̓μέθῠστον
tḕn ăméthŭston 		τὼ ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω
tṑ ămethŭ́stō 		τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στους
tā̀s ămethŭ́stous
Vocative ᾰ̓μέθῠστε
ăméthŭste 		ᾰ̓μεθῠ́στω
ămethŭ́stō 		ᾰ̓μέθῠστοι
ăméthŭstoi
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

  • (remedy for drunkenness): ἀμέθῠστον (améthŭston)
  • (an herb): σέλινον ἄγριον (sélinon ágrion), βατράχιον (batrákhion), σμύρνιον (smúrnion), ἐλεοσέλινον (eleosélinon)
  • (amethyst): ἀμέθῠστον (améthŭston)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: αμέθυστος (améthystos)
  • → Latin: amethystus (see there for further descendants)
  • → Old Georgian: ამეთჳსტონი (ametwisṭoni), ამეთჳსტოჲ (ametwisṭoy), ამეთჳსოჲ (ametwisoy), ამეთისოჲ (ametisoy)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀμέθυστος, -ον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 85

Further reading

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