ἀφραίνω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἄφρων (áphrōn) +‎ -αίνω (-aínō).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.pʰrǎi̯.nɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈpʰrɛ.no/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈɸrɛ.no/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈfre.no/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈfre.no/

Verb

ἀφραίνω • (aphraínō)

(intransitive) to be foolish
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.360:
  ἀφραίνει ξεῖνος νέον ἄλλοθεν εἰληλουθώς. ἀλλά μιν αἶψα, νέοι, δόμου ἐκπέμψασθε θύραζε εἰς ἀγορὴν ἔρχεσθαι, ἐπεὶ τάδε νυκτὶ ἐΐσκει.
  aphraínei xeînos néon állothen eilēlouthṓs. allá min aîpsa, néoi, dómou ekpémpsasthe thúraze eis agorḕn érkhesthai, epeì táde nuktì eḯskei.
  This stranger who has lately come here has lost his senses. Servants, turn him out into the streets, since he finds it so dark here.

Inflection

Present: ἀφραίνω, ἀφραίνομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀφραίνω	ἀφραίνεις	ἀφραίνει	ἀφραίνετον	ἀφραίνετον	ἀφραίνομεν	ἀφραίνετε	ἀφραίνουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀφραίνω	ἀφραίνῃς	ἀφραίνῃ	ἀφραίνητον	ἀφραίνητον	ἀφραίνωμεν	ἀφραίνητε	ἀφραίνωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀφραίνοιμῐ	ἀφραίνοις	ἀφραίνοι	ἀφραίνοιτον	ἀφραινοίτην	ἀφραίνοιμεν	ἀφραίνοιτε	ἀφραίνοιεν
	imperative		ἄφραινε	ἀφραινέτω	ἀφραίνετον	ἀφραινέτων		ἀφραίνετε	ἀφραινόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἀφραίνομαι	ἀφραίνῃ, ἀφραίνει	ἀφραίνεται	ἀφραίνεσθον	ἀφραίνεσθον	ἀφραινόμεθᾰ	ἀφραίνεσθε	ἀφραίνονται
	subjunctive	ἀφραίνωμαι	ἀφραίνῃ	ἀφραίνηται	ἀφραίνησθον	ἀφραίνησθον	ἀφραινώμεθᾰ	ἀφραίνησθε	ἀφραίνωνται
	optative	ἀφραινοίμην	ἀφραίνοιο	ἀφραίνοιτο	ἀφραίνοισθον	ἀφραινοίσθην	ἀφραινοίμεθᾰ	ἀφραίνοισθε	ἀφραίνοιντο
	imperative		ἀφραίνου	ἀφραινέσθω	ἀφραίνεσθον	ἀφραινέσθων		ἀφραίνεσθε	ἀφραινέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἀφραίνειν				ἀφραίνεσθαι
participle	m	ἀφραίνων				ἀφραινόμενος
	f	ἀφραίνουσᾰ				ἀφραινομένη
	n	ἀφραῖνον				ἀφραινόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

“ἀφραίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἀφραίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἀφραίνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ἀφραίνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἀφραίνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἀφραίνω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
ἀφραίνω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

^ Tucker, Elizabeth (1981) “GREEK FACTITIVE VERBS IN -oω, -oω AND-vω”, in Transactions of the Philological Society‎^[1], volume 79, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 24

[1] Tucker, Elizabeth (1981) “GREEK FACTITIVE VERBS IN -oω, -oω AND-vω”, in Transactions of the Philological Society‎^[1], volume 79, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 24

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