ἄγγαρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The exact source is unknown. Not from Akkadian 𒇽𒂠𒂷 (LU2.ḪUN.GA2 /⁠agru⁠/, “hired man”). Maybe from Old Persian *angarā (“missive, letter”), a reconstructed word which is from Aramaic *𐡀𐡍‬𐡂𐡓‬𐡀 (*’engarā), form of *𐡀𐡍‬𐡂𐡓‬𐡕𐡀 (*’engartā), variant of 𐡀𐡂𐡓‬𐡕𐡀 (’iggartā), 𐡀𐡍‬𐡂𐡓𐡕‬𐡀 (’engirtā, “missive, letter; contract”), from Akkadian 𒂊𒄈𒌅 (egirtu, “inscribed tablet; oracle of fate, ambiguous wording; contract, bound deal”), from 𒄃 (egēru, “to be difficult, to be twisted or locked together; to have a twisted tongue, to be unable to speak against an order”).[1]

Or from Old Persian *hankarah (“messenger”).[2] In any case a likely doublet of ἄγγελος (ángelos).

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ἄγγᾰρος • (ángăros) m (genitive ἀγγᾰ́ρου); second declension

  1. Persian mounted courier, for carrying royal dispatches

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ἄγγᾰρος; τοῦ ἀγγᾰ́ρου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ ἄγγᾰρος
ho ángăros 		τὼ ἀγγᾰ́ρω
tṑ angắrō 		οἱ ἄγγᾰροι
hoi ángăroi
Genitive τοῦ ἀγγᾰ́ρου
toû angắrou 		τοῖν ἀγγᾰ́ροιν
toîn angắroin 		τῶν ἀγγᾰ́ρων
tôn angắrōn
Dative τῷ ἀγγᾰ́ρῳ
tōî angắrōi 		τοῖν ἀγγᾰ́ροιν
toîn angắroin 		τοῖς ἀγγᾰ́ροις
toîs angắrois
Accusative τὸν ἄγγᾰρον
tòn ángăron 		τὼ ἀγγᾰ́ρω
tṑ angắrō 		τοὺς ἀγγᾰ́ρους
toùs angắrous
Vocative ἄγγᾰρε
ángăre 		ἀγγᾰ́ρω
angắrō 		ἄγγᾰροι
ángăroi
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

  • ἄγγαρα (ángara)
  • ἀγγαρεία (angareía)
  • ἀγγαρευτής (angareutḗs)
  • ἀγγαρεύω (angareúō)
  • ἀγγαρήιον (angarḗion)
  • ἀγγαροφορέω (angarophoréō)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄγγαρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 9
  2. ^ Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 511

Further reading

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