Ἀχαιός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Ἀχαΐα (Akhaḯa, “Achaea”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix). It is also attested as in the older forma Ἀχαιϝοί (Akhaiwoí), possibly coming via an intermediate form *Ἀχαϝyοί (*Akhawyoí).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.kʰai̯.ós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.kʰɛˈos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.çɛˈos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.çeˈos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.çeˈos/

Adjective

Ἀχαιός • (Akhaiós) m (feminine Ἀχαιᾱ́, neuter Ἀχαιόν); first/second declension

Achaean, from the region of Achaea in Greece.
(Homeric) Greek

Inflection

First and second declension of Ἀχαιός; Ἀχαιᾱ́; Ἀχαιόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	Ἀχαιός Akhaiós	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí	Ἀχαιαί Akhaiaí	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Genitive	Ἀχαιοῦ Akhaioû	Ἀχαιᾶς Akhaiâs	Ἀχαιοῦ Akhaioû	Ἀχαιοῖν Akhaioîn	Ἀχαιαῖν Akhaiaîn	Ἀχαιοῖν Akhaioîn	Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn	Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn	Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn
Dative	Ἀχαιῷ Akhaiōî	Ἀχαιᾷ Akhaiāî	Ἀχαιῷ Akhaiōî	Ἀχαιοῖν Akhaioîn	Ἀχαιαῖν Akhaiaîn	Ἀχαιοῖν Akhaioîn	Ἀχαιοῖς Akhaioîs	Ἀχαιαῖς Akhaiaîs	Ἀχαιοῖς Akhaioîs
Accusative	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιᾱ́ν Akhaiā́n	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιούς Akhaioús	Ἀχαιᾱ́ς Akhaiā́s	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Vocative	Ἀχαιέ Akhaié	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí	Ἀχαιαί Akhaiaí	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	Ἀχαιῶς Akhaiôs			Ἀχαιότερος Akhaióteros			Ἀχαιότᾰτος Akhaiótătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of Ἀχαιός; Ἀχαιή; Ἀχαιόν (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	Ἀχαιός Akhaiós	Ἀχαιή Akhaiḗ	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí	Ἀχαιαί Akhaiaí	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Genitive	Ἀχαιοῦ / Ἀχαιοῖο / Ἀχαιόο Akhaioû / Akhaioîo / Akhaióo	Ἀχαιῆς Akhaiês	Ἀχαιοῦ / Ἀχαιοῖο / Ἀχαιόο Akhaioû / Akhaioîo / Akhaióo	Ἀχαιοῖν / Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioî(ĭ)n	Ἀχαιαῖν / Ἀχαιαῖῐν / Ἀχαιῇῐν Akhaiaî(ĭ)n / Akhaiēîĭn	Ἀχαιοῖν / Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioî(ĭ)n	Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn	Ἀχαιᾱ́ων / Ἀχαιέ͜ων / Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiā́ōn / Akhaié͜ōn / Akhaiôn	Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn
Dative	Ἀχαιῷ Akhaiōî	Ἀχαιῇ Akhaiēî	Ἀχαιῷ Akhaiōî	Ἀχαιοῖν / Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioî(ĭ)n	Ἀχαιαῖν / Ἀχαιαῖῐν / Ἀχαιῇῐν Akhaiaî(ĭ)n / Akhaiēîĭn	Ἀχαιοῖν / Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioî(ĭ)n	Ἀχαιοῖς / Ἀχαιοῖσῐ / Ἀχαιοῖσῐν Akhaioîs / Akhaioîsĭ(n)	Ἀχαιῇς / Ἀχαιῇσῐ / Ἀχαιῇσῐν / Ἀχαιαῖς Akhaiēîs / Akhaiēîsĭ(n) / Akhaiaîs	Ἀχαιοῖς / Ἀχαιοῖσῐ / Ἀχαιοῖσῐν Akhaioîs / Akhaioîsĭ(n)
Accusative	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιήν Akhaiḗn	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιούς Akhaioús	Ἀχαιᾱ́ς Akhaiā́s	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Vocative	Ἀχαιέ Akhaié	Ἀχαιή Akhaiḗ	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí	Ἀχαιαί Akhaiaí	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	Ἀχαιῶς Akhaiôs			Ἀχαιότερος Akhaióteros			Ἀχαιότᾰτος Akhaiótătos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Noun

Ἀχαιός • (Akhaiós) m (genitive Ἀχαιοῦ); second declension

an inhabitant of Achaea; an Achaean

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ Ἀχαιός; τοῦ Ἀχαιοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Ἀχαιός ho Akhaiós	τὼ Ἀχαιώ tṑ Akhaiṓ	οἱ Ἀχαιοί hoi Akhaioí
Genitive	τοῦ Ἀχαιοῦ toû Akhaioû	τοῖν Ἀχαιοῖν toîn Akhaioîn	τῶν Ἀχαιῶν tôn Akhaiôn
Dative	τῷ Ἀχαιῷ tōî Akhaiōî	τοῖν Ἀχαιοῖν toîn Akhaioîn	τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς toîs Akhaioîs
Accusative	τὸν Ἀχαιόν tòn Akhaión	τὼ Ἀχαιώ tṑ Akhaiṓ	τοὺς Ἀχαιούς toùs Akhaioús
Vocative	Ἀχαιέ Akhaié	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of Ἀχαιός; Ἀχαιοῦ (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	Ἀχαιός Akhaiós	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí
Genitive	Ἀχαιοῦ / Ἀχαιοῖο / Ἀχαιόο Akhaioû / Akhaioîo / Akhaióo	Ἀχαιοῖν / Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioî(ĭ)n	Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn
Dative	Ἀχαιῷ Akhaiōî	Ἀχαιοῖν / Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioî(ĭ)n	Ἀχαιοῖς / Ἀχαιοῖσῐ / Ἀχαιοῖσῐν Akhaioîs / Akhaioîsĭ(n)
Accusative	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιούς Akhaioús
Vocative	Ἀχαιέ Akhaié	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Παναχαιοί (Panakhaioí)

Descendants

Greek: Αχαιός (Achaiós)
Latin: achaeus, achīvus

References

“Ἀχαιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“Ἀχαιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
Ἀχαιός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
“Ἀχαιός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 999