ἐπικλώθω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
ἐπῐ- (epĭ-, “for”) + κλώθω (klṓthō, “spin”). Describes the action of the Fates, who spun the thread of each person's destiny.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.pi.klɔ̌ː.tʰɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /e.piˈklo.tʰo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /e.piˈklo.θo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /e.piˈklo.θo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /e.piˈklo.θo/
Verb
ἐπῐκλώθω • (epĭklṓthō)
- (transitive or intransitive, active voice or middle voice) to assign to, to destine [with dative ‘someone’, along with accusative ‘something’ or infinitive ‘to do something’]
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey, 1:16–18:
- ἀλλ’ ὅτε δὴ ἔτος ἦλθε περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν,
τῷ οἱ ἐπεκλώσαντο θεοὶ οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι
εἰς Ἰθάκην,- all’ hóte dḕ étos êlthe periploménōn eniautôn,
tōî hoi epeklṓsanto theoì oîkónde néesthai
eis Ithákēn, - But when the year had finally come in the turning of time,
in which the gods had destined [Odysseus] to return home
to Ithaca,
- all’ hóte dḕ étos êlthe periploménōn eniautôn,
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogi mortuorum 24.2:
- ὁπόσα ἔπραττον ἐν τῷ βίῳ, πότερα ἑκὼν ἔπραττον ἢ ἐπεκέκλωστό μοι ὑπὸ τῆς Μοίρας
- hopósa épratton en tōî bíōi, pótera hekṑn épratton ḕ epekéklōstó moi hupò tês Moíras
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- ὁπόσα ἔπραττον ἐν τῷ βίῳ, πότερα ἑκὼν ἔπραττον ἢ ἐπεκέκλωστό μοι ὑπὸ τῆς Μοίρας
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey, 1:16–18:
Inflection
Present: ἐπῐκλώθω, ἐπῐκλώθομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπῐκλώθω | ἐπῐκλώθεις | ἐπῐκλώθει | ἐπῐκλώθετον | ἐπῐκλώθετον | ἐπῐκλώθομεν | ἐπῐκλώθετε | ἐπῐκλώθουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπῐκλώθω | ἐπῐκλώθῃς | ἐπῐκλώθῃ | ἐπῐκλώθητον | ἐπῐκλώθητον | ἐπῐκλώθωμεν | ἐπῐκλώθητε | ἐπῐκλώθωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπῐκλώθοιμῐ | ἐπῐκλώθοις | ἐπῐκλώθοι | ἐπῐκλώθοιτον | ἐπῐκλωθοίτην | ἐπῐκλώθοιμεν | ἐπῐκλώθοιτε | ἐπῐκλώθοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἐπῐ́κλωθε | ἐπῐκλωθέτω | ἐπῐκλώθετον | ἐπῐκλωθέτων | ἐπῐκλώθετε | ἐπῐκλωθόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπῐκλώθομαι | ἐπῐκλώθῃ, ἐπῐκλώθει |
ἐπῐκλώθεται | ἐπῐκλώθεσθον | ἐπῐκλώθεσθον | ἐπῐκλωθόμεθᾰ | ἐπῐκλώθεσθε | ἐπῐκλώθονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπῐκλώθωμαι | ἐπῐκλώθῃ | ἐπῐκλώθηται | ἐπῐκλώθησθον | ἐπῐκλώθησθον | ἐπῐκλωθώμεθᾰ | ἐπῐκλώθησθε | ἐπῐκλώθωνται | |||||
| optative | ἐπῐκλωθοίμην | ἐπῐκλώθοιο | ἐπῐκλώθοιτο | ἐπῐκλώθοισθον | ἐπῐκλωθοίσθην | ἐπῐκλωθοίμεθᾰ | ἐπῐκλώθοισθε | ἐπῐκλώθοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἐπῐκλώθου | ἐπῐκλωθέσθω | ἐπῐκλώθεσθον | ἐπῐκλωθέσθων | ἐπῐκλώθεσθε | ἐπῐκλωθέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐπῐκλώθειν | ἐπῐκλώθεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐπῐκλώθων | ἐπῐκλωθόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ἐπῐκλώθουσᾰ | ἐπῐκλωθομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἐπῐκλῶθον | ἐπῐκλωθόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐπέκλωθον, ἐπεκλωθόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπέκλωθον | ἐπέκλωθες | ἐπέκλωθε(ν) | ἐπεκλώθετον | ἐπεκλωθέτην | ἐπεκλώθομεν | ἐπεκλώθετε | ἐπέκλωθον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεκλωθόμην | ἐπεκλώθου | ἐπεκλώθετο | ἐπεκλώθεσθον | ἐπεκλωθέσθην | ἐπεκλωθόμεθᾰ | ἐπεκλώθεσθε | ἐπεκλώθοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: ἐπικλώσω, ἐπικλώσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπικλώσω | ἐπικλώσεις | ἐπικλώσει | ἐπικλώσετον | ἐπικλώσετον | ἐπικλώσομεν | ἐπικλώσετε | ἐπικλώσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | ἐπικλώσοιμῐ | ἐπικλώσοις | ἐπικλώσοι | ἐπικλώσοιτον | ἐπικλωσοίτην | ἐπικλώσοιμεν | ἐπικλώσοιτε | ἐπικλώσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | ἐπικλώσομαι | ἐπικλώσῃ, ἐπικλώσει |
ἐπικλώσεται | ἐπικλώσεσθον | ἐπικλώσεσθον | ἐπικλωσόμεθᾰ | ἐπικλώσεσθε | ἐπικλώσονται | ||||
| optative | ἐπικλωσοίμην | ἐπικλώσοιο | ἐπικλώσοιτο | ἐπικλώσοισθον | ἐπικλωσοίσθην | ἐπικλωσοίμεθᾰ | ἐπικλώσοισθε | ἐπικλώσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐπικλώσειν | ἐπικλώσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐπικλώσων | ἐπικλωσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ἐπικλώσουσᾰ | ἐπικλωσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ἐπικλῶσον | ἐπικλωσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐπέκλωσᾰ, ἐπεκλωσᾰ́μην, ἐπεκλώσθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐπέκλωσᾰ | ἐπέκλωσᾰς | ἐπέκλωσε(ν) | ἐπεκλώσᾰτον | ἐπεκλωσᾰ́την | ἐπεκλώσᾰμεν | ἐπεκλώσᾰτε | ἐπέκλωσᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπῐκλώσω | ἐπῐκλώσῃς | ἐπῐκλώσῃ | ἐπῐκλώσητον | ἐπῐκλώσητον | ἐπῐκλώσωμεν | ἐπῐκλώσητε | ἐπῐκλώσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπῐκλώσαιμῐ | ἐπῐκλώσειᾰς, ἐπῐκλώσαις |
ἐπῐκλώσειε(ν), ἐπῐκλώσαι |
ἐπῐκλώσαιτον | ἐπῐκλωσαίτην | ἐπῐκλώσαιμεν | ἐπῐκλώσαιτε | ἐπῐκλώσειᾰν, ἐπῐκλώσαιεν | |||||
| imperative | ἐπῐ́κλωσον | ἐπῐκλωσᾰ́τω | ἐπῐκλώσᾰτον | ἐπῐκλωσᾰ́των | ἐπῐκλώσᾰτε | ἐπῐκλωσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐπεκλωσᾰ́μην | ἐπεκλώσω | ἐπεκλώσᾰτο | ἐπεκλώσᾰσθον | ἐπεκλωσᾰ́σθην | ἐπεκλωσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐπεκλώσᾰσθε | ἐπεκλώσᾰντο | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπῐκλώσωμαι | ἐπῐκλώσῃ | ἐπῐκλώσηται | ἐπῐκλώσησθον | ἐπῐκλώσησθον | ἐπῐκλωσώμεθᾰ | ἐπῐκλώσησθε | ἐπῐκλώσωνται | |||||
| optative | ἐπῐκλωσαίμην | ἐπῐκλώσαιο | ἐπῐκλώσαιτο | ἐπῐκλώσαισθον | ἐπῐκλωσαίσθην | ἐπῐκλωσαίμεθᾰ | ἐπῐκλώσαισθε | ἐπῐκλώσαιντο | |||||
| imperative | ἐπῐ́κλωσαι | ἐπῐκλωσᾰ́σθω | ἐπῐκλώσᾰσθον | ἐπῐκλωσᾰ́σθων | ἐπῐκλώσᾰσθε | ἐπῐκλωσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐπεκλώσθην | ἐπεκλώσθης | ἐπεκλώσθη | ἐπεκλώσθητον | ἐπεκλωσθήτην | ἐπεκλώσθημεν | ἐπεκλώσθητε | ἐπεκλώσθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπῐκλωσθῶ | ἐπῐκλωσθῇς | ἐπῐκλωσθῇ | ἐπῐκλωσθῆτον | ἐπῐκλωσθῆτον | ἐπῐκλωσθῶμεν | ἐπῐκλωσθῆτε | ἐπῐκλωσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπῐκλωσθείην | ἐπῐκλωσθείης | ἐπῐκλωσθείη | ἐπῐκλωσθεῖτον, ἐπῐκλωσθείητον |
ἐπῐκλωσθείτην, ἐπῐκλωσθειήτην |
ἐπῐκλωσθεῖμεν, ἐπῐκλωσθείημεν |
ἐπῐκλωσθεῖτε, ἐπῐκλωσθείητε |
ἐπῐκλωσθεῖεν, ἐπῐκλωσθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | ἐπῐκλώσθητῐ | ἐπῐκλωσθήτω | ἐπῐκλώσθητον | ἐπῐκλωσθήτων | ἐπῐκλώσθητε | ἐπῐκλωσθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐπῐκλῶσαι | ἐπῐκλώσᾰσθαι | ἐπῐκλωσθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐπῐκλώσᾱς | ἐπῐκλωσᾰ́μενος | ἐπῐκλωσθείς | |||||||||
| f | ἐπῐκλώσᾱσᾰ | ἐπῐκλωσᾰμένη | ἐπῐκλωσθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | ἐπῐκλῶσᾰν | ἐπῐκλωσᾰ́μενον | ἐπῐκλωσθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: ἐπῐκέκλωσμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπῐκέκλωσμαι | ἐπῐκέκλωσαι | ἐπῐκέκλωσται | ἐπῐκέκλωσθον | ἐπῐκέκλωσθον | ἐπῐκεκλώσμεθᾰ | ἐπῐκέκλωσθε | ἐπῐκεκλώσᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένος ὦ | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένος ᾖς | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένος ᾖ | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένω ἦτον | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένω ἦτον | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένοι ὦμεν | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένοι ἦτε | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένος εἴην | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένος εἴης | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένος εἴη | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | ἐπῐκέκλωσο | ἐπῐκεκλώσθω | ἐπῐκέκλωσθον | ἐπῐκεκλώσθων | ἐπῐκέκλωσθε | ἐπῐκεκλώσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ἐπῐκεκλῶσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένος | |||||||||||
| f | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ἐπῐκεκλωσμένον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐπεκεκλώσμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπεκεκλώσμην | ἐπεκέκλωσο | ἐπεκέκλωστο | ἐπεκέκλωσθον | ἐπεκεκλώσθην | ἐπεκεκλώσμεθᾰ | ἐπεκέκλωσθε | ἐπεκεκλώσᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἐπικλωσθέντα n pl (epiklōsthénta, “destiny”, aorist passive participle)
Further reading
- “ἐπικλώθω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐπικλώθω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐπικλώθω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐπικλώθω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963