ἐπουράνιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐπῐ- (epĭ-, “upon”) +‎ οὐρᾰ́νῐος (ourắnĭos, “heavenly”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.puː.rá.ni.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e.puˈra.ni.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.puˈra.ni.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.puˈra.ni.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.puˈra.ni.os/

Adjective

ἐπουρᾰ́νῐος • (epourắnĭos) m (feminine ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ, neuter ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον); first/second declension

in heaven, heavenly
- 300 CE – 400 CE, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Posthomerica 2.429
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.484
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.129
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 132.3
- 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 18:35
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 256D
1. (plural substantive)
  1. (masculine) the gods
    - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 25.5
    - 200 BCE – 100 BCE, Moschus, Collected Works 2.21
    - New Testament, Epistle to the Philippians 2:11
    - 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Dialogues of the Gods 4.3
  2. (neuter) phenomena of the heavens
    - 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 19B
    - 53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 15:40

Inflection

First and second declension of ἐπουρᾰ́νῐος; ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ; ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐος epourắnĭos	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ epourănĭ́ā	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον epourắnĭon	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epourănĭ́ō	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ epourănĭ́ā	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epourănĭ́ō	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐοι epourắnĭoi	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐαι epourắnĭai	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐᾰ epourắnĭă
Genitive	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ου epourănĭ́ou	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱς epourănĭ́ās	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ου epourănĭ́ou	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οιν epourănĭ́oin	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́αιν epourănĭ́ain	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οιν epourănĭ́oin	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ων epourănĭ́ōn	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ων epourănĭ́ōn	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ων epourănĭ́ōn
Dative	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ῳ epourănĭ́ōi	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾳ epourănĭ́āi	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ῳ epourănĭ́ōi	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οιν epourănĭ́oin	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́αιν epourănĭ́ain	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οιν epourănĭ́oin	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οις epourănĭ́ois	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́αις epourănĭ́ais	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́οις epourănĭ́ois
Accusative	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον epourắnĭon	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱν epourănĭ́ān	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον epourắnĭon	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epourănĭ́ō	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ epourănĭ́ā	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epourănĭ́ō	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ους epourănĭ́ous	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱς epourănĭ́ās	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐᾰ epourắnĭă
Vocative	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐε epourắnĭe	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ epourănĭ́ā	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐον epourắnĭon	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epourănĭ́ō	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ᾱ epourănĭ́ā	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ω epourănĭ́ō	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐοι epourắnĭoi	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐαι epourắnĭai	ἐπουρᾰ́νῐᾰ epourắnĭă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἐπουρᾰνῐ́ως epourănĭ́ōs			ἐπουρᾰνῐώτερος epourănĭṓteros			ἐπουρᾰνῐώτᾰτος epourănĭṓtătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

“ἐπουράνιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἐπουράνιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἐπουράνιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἐπουράνιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἐπουράνιος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G2032 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible