ἦλθον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

This aorist's stem is a syncope ἐλθ- (elth-) of weak stem ἐλυθ- (eluth-) of a verb root also appearing in Epic ἐλῠθεῖν (elŭtheîn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰét (“to arrive”).[1] Discussion of stems at ἔρχομαι Notes.

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ἦλθον • (êlthon)

  1. first-person singular/third-person plural aorist indicative active of ἔρχομαι (érkhomai):
    1. came
    2. went

Usage notes

Discussion of stems at ἔρχομαι Notes, also from εἶμι (eîmi) which supplies non-indicative present and future and imperfect indicative forms.

Inflected forms are listed at ἔρχομαι (érkhomai).

Inflection

   Aorist: ἦλθον
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦλθον ἦλθες ἦλθε(ν) ἤλθετον ἠλθέτην ἤλθομεν ἤλθετε ἦλθον
subjunctive ἔλθω ἔλθῃς ἔλθῃ ἔλθητον ἔλθητον ἔλθωμεν ἔλθητε ἔλθωσῐ(ν)
optative ἔλθοιμῐ ἔλθοις ἔλθοι ἔλθοιτον ἐλθοίτην ἔλθοιμεν ἔλθοιτε ἔλθοιεν
imperative   ἐλθέ ἐλθέτω ἔλθετον ἐλθέτων   ἔλθετε ἐλθόντων
active
infinitive ἐλθεῖν
participle m ἐλθών
f ἐλθοῦσᾰ
n ἐλθόν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. Epic Greek also has the infinitive forms ἐλθέμεν (elthémen) and ἐλθέμεναι (elthémenai).
In Koine, plural indicative forms of the first aorist are also found: ἤλθαμεν (ḗlthamen), ἤλθατε (ḗlthate), ἦλθαν (êlthan)/ἤλθοσαν (ḗlthosan).
   Aorist: ἤλῠθον (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἤλῠθον ἤλῠθες ἤλῠθε(ν) ἠλῠ́θετον ἠλῠθέτην ἠλῠ́θομεν ἠλῠ́θετε ἤλῠθον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἦνθον (Doric)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦνθον ἦνθες ἦνθε(ν) ἤνθετον ἠνθέτᾱν ἤνθομες ἤνθετε ἦνθον
subjunctive ἔνθω ἔνθῃς ἔνθῃ ἔνθητον ἔνθητον ἔνθωμες ἔνθητε ἐνθέωντῐ
optative ἔνθοιμῐ ἔνθοις ἔνθοι ἐνθεῖτον ἐνθείτᾱν ἐνθεῖμες ἐνθεῖτε ἐνθεῖεν
imperative   ἐνθέ ἐνθέτω ἔνθετον ἐνθέτων   ἔνθετε ἐνθόντω
active
infinitive ἐνθῆμεν
participle m ἐνθών
f ἐνθοῦσᾰ
n ἐνθόν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐλθεῖν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 410

Further reading

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