ἵκω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *seyk- (“to reach (for)”); cognate with Lithuanian si̇́ekti (“to reach”), Tocharian B siknaṃ (“to set foot”). The synonyms ἱκάνω (hikánō) and ἱκνέομαι (hiknéomai) are from the same root, with a nasal suffix. Possibly cognate with ἥκω (hḗkō, “to have arrived, be present”).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ῑ̔́κω • (hī́kō)

  1. (intransitive) to come
  2. (transitive) to come to, arrive at
  3. (transitive) to reach
  4. (transitive) to come upon (befall, affect)

Conjugation

   Present: ῑ̔́κω, ῑ̔́κομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ῑ̔́κω ῑ̔́κεις ῑ̔́κει ῑ̔́κετον ῑ̔́κετον ῑ̔́κομεν ῑ̔́κετε ῑ̔́κουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ῑ̔́κω ῑ̔́κῃς ῑ̔́κῃ ῑ̔́κητον ῑ̔́κητον ῑ̔́κωμεν ῑ̔́κητε ῑ̔́κωσῐ(ν)
optative ῑ̔́κοιμῐ ῑ̔́κοις ῑ̔́κοι ῑ̔́κοιτον ῑ̔κοίτην ῑ̔́κοιμεν ῑ̔́κοιτε ῑ̔́κοιεν
imperative   ἷκε ῑ̔κέτω ῑ̔́κετον ῑ̔κέτων   ῑ̔́κετε ῑ̔κόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ῑ̔́κομαι ῑ̔́κῃ / ῑ̔́κει ῑ̔́κεται ῑ̔́κεσθον ῑ̔́κεσθον ῑ̔κόμεθᾰ ῑ̔́κεσθε ῑ̔́κονται
subjunctive ῑ̔́κωμαι ῑ̔́κῃ ῑ̔́κηται ῑ̔́κησθον ῑ̔́κησθον ῑ̔κώμεθᾰ ῑ̔́κησθε ῑ̔́κωνται
optative ῑ̔κοίμην ῑ̔́κοιο ῑ̔́κοιτο ῑ̔́κοισθον ῑ̔κοίσθην ῑ̔κοίμεθᾰ ῑ̔́κοισθε ῑ̔́κοιντο
imperative   ῑ̔́κου ῑ̔κέσθω ῑ̔́κεσθον ῑ̔κέσθων   ῑ̔́κεσθε ῑ̔κέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ῑ̔́κειν ῑ̔́κεσθαι
participle m ῑ̔́κων ῑ̔κόμενος
f ῑ̔́κουσᾰ ῑ̔κομένη
n ἷκον ῑ̔κόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἷκον, ῑ̔κόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἷκον ἷκες ἷκε(ν) ῑ̔́κετον ῑ̔κέτην ῑ̔́κομεν ῑ̔́κετε ἷκον
middle/
passive 		indicative ῑ̔κόμην ῑ̔́κου ῑ̔́κετο ῑ̔́κεσθον ῑ̔κέσθην ῑ̔κόμεθᾰ ῑ̔́κεσθε ῑ̔́κοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ῑ̔́ξω, ῑ̔́ξομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ῑ̔́ξω ῑ̔́ξεις ῑ̔́ξει ῑ̔́ξετον ῑ̔́ξετον ῑ̔́ξομεν ῑ̔́ξετε ῑ̔́ξουσῐ(ν)
optative ῑ̔́ξοιμῐ ῑ̔́ξοις ῑ̔́ξοι ῑ̔́ξοιτον ῑ̔ξοίτην ῑ̔́ξοιμεν ῑ̔́ξοιτε ῑ̔́ξοιεν
middle indicative ῑ̔́ξομαι ῑ̔́ξῃ / ῑ̔́ξει ῑ̔́ξεται ῑ̔́ξεσθον ῑ̔́ξεσθον ῑ̔ξόμεθᾰ ῑ̔́ξεσθε ῑ̔́ξονται
optative ῑ̔ξοίμην ῑ̔́ξοιο ῑ̔́ξοιτο ῑ̔́ξοισθον ῑ̔ξοίσθην ῑ̔ξοίμεθᾰ ῑ̔́ξοισθε ῑ̔́ξοιντο
active middle
infinitive ῑ̔́ξειν ῑ̔́ξεσθαι
participle m ῑ̔́ξων ῑ̔ξόμενος
f ῑ̔́ξουσᾰ ῑ̔ξομένη
n ἷξον ῑ̔ξόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἷξᾰ, ῑ̔ξᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἷξᾰ ἷξᾰς ἷξε(ν) ῑ̔́ξᾰτον ῑ̔ξᾰ́την ῑ̔́ξᾰμεν ῑ̔́ξᾰτε ἷξᾰν
subjunctive ῑ̔́ξω ῑ̔́ξῃς ῑ̔́ξῃ ῑ̔́ξητον ῑ̔́ξητον ῑ̔́ξωμεν ῑ̔́ξητε ῑ̔́ξωσῐ(ν)
optative ῑ̔́ξαιμῐ ῑ̔́ξειᾰς / ῑ̔́ξαις ῑ̔́ξειε(ν) / ῑ̔́ξαι ῑ̔́ξαιτον ῑ̔ξαίτην ῑ̔́ξαιμεν ῑ̔́ξαιτε ῑ̔́ξειᾰν / ῑ̔́ξαιεν
imperative   ἷξον ῑ̔ξᾰ́τω ῑ̔́ξᾰτον ῑ̔ξᾰ́των   ῑ̔́ξᾰτε ῑ̔ξᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ῑ̔ξᾰ́μην ῑ̔́ξω ῑ̔́ξᾰτο ῑ̔́ξᾰσθον ῑ̔ξᾰ́σθην ῑ̔ξᾰ́μεθᾰ ῑ̔́ξᾰσθε ῑ̔́ξᾰντο
subjunctive ῑ̔́ξωμαι ῑ̔́ξῃ ῑ̔́ξηται ῑ̔́ξησθον ῑ̔́ξησθον ῑ̔ξώμεθᾰ ῑ̔́ξησθε ῑ̔́ξωνται
optative ῑ̔ξαίμην ῑ̔́ξαιο ῑ̔́ξαιτο ῑ̔́ξαισθον ῑ̔ξαίσθην ῑ̔ξαίμεθᾰ ῑ̔́ξαισθε ῑ̔́ξαιντο
imperative   ἷξαι ῑ̔ξᾰ́σθω ῑ̔́ξᾰσθον ῑ̔ξᾰ́σθων   ῑ̔́ξᾰσθε ῑ̔ξᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive ἷξαι ῑ̔́ξᾰσθαι
participle m ῑ̔́ξᾱς ῑ̔ξᾰ́μενος
f ῑ̔́ξᾱσᾰ ῑ̔ξᾰμένη
n ἷξᾰν ῑ̔ξᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἷξον, ῑ̔ξόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἷξον ἷξες ἷξε(ν) ῑ̔́ξετον ῑ̔ξέτην ῑ̔́ξομεν ῑ̔́ξετε ἷξον
subjunctive ῑ̔́ξω ῑ̔́ξῃς ῑ̔́ξῃ ῑ̔́ξητον ῑ̔́ξητον ῑ̔́ξωμεν ῑ̔́ξητε ῑ̔́ξωσῐ(ν)
optative ῑ̔́ξοιμῐ ῑ̔́ξοις ῑ̔́ξοι ῑ̔́ξοιτον ῑ̔ξοίτην ῑ̔́ξοιμεν ῑ̔́ξοιτε ῑ̔́ξοιεν
imperative   ἷξε ῑ̔ξέτω ῑ̔́ξετον ῑ̔ξέτων   ῑ̔́ξετε ῑ̔ξόντων
middle indicative ῑ̔ξόμην ῑ̔́ξου ῑ̔́ξετο ῑ̔́ξεσθον ῑ̔ξέσθην ῑ̔ξόμεθᾰ ῑ̔́ξεσθε ῑ̔́ξοντο
subjunctive ῑ̔́ξωμαι ῑ̔́ξῃ ῑ̔́ξηται ῑ̔́ξησθον ῑ̔́ξησθον ῑ̔ξώμεθᾰ ῑ̔́ξησθε ῑ̔́ξωνται
optative ῑ̔ξοίμην ῑ̔́ξοιο ῑ̔́ξοιτο ῑ̔́ξοισθον ῑ̔ξοίσθην ῑ̔ξοίμεθᾰ ῑ̔́ξοισθε ῑ̔́ξοιντο
imperative   ῑ̔ξοῦ ῑ̔ξέσθω ῑ̔́ξεσθον ῑ̔ξέσθων   ῑ̔́ξεσθε ῑ̔ξέσθων
active middle
infinitive ῑ̔ξεῖν ῑ̔ξέσθαι
participle m ῑ̔ξών ῑ̔ξόμενος
f ῑ̔ξοῦσᾰ ῑ̔ξομένη
n ῑ̔ξόν ῑ̔ξόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
  • ἱκέτης (hikétēs)
  • ἱκτήρ (hiktḗr)
  • ἵκτωρ (híktōr)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἵκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 586

Further reading

  • “ἵκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • ἵκω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
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