ὀρθόω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

ὀρθός (orthós, “straight”) +‎ -όω (-óō, factitive verb suffix).[1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ὀρθόω • (orthóō)

  1. (transitive) to set upright, raise up (something or someone that has fallen down)
    1. (transitive) to build or rebuild
    2. (passive voice) to stand up (get up from a sitting position)
  2. (transitive) to straighten
  3. (figurative, transitive) to restore to health or happiness
  4. (transitive) to exalt, honor; to make famous
  5. (transitive) to correct
    • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1475:
      νῦν δ’ ὤρθωσας στόματος γνώμην
      nûn d’ ṓrthōsas stómatos gnṓmēn
      Now you have corrected the judgement of your mouth
  6. (transitive) to bring to a happy end; (passive voice) to succeed, prosper, flourish
    • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.18.4:
      διὰ τὸ μὴ τῷ ὀρθουμένῳ πιστεύοντες ἐπαίρεσθαι
      dià tò mḕ tōî orthouménōi pisteúontes epaíresthai
      because [they] are not overly excited by being confident in success

Conjugation

   Present: ὀρθῶ, ὀρθοῦμαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ὀρθῶ ὀρθοῖς ὀρθοῖ ὀρθοῦτον ὀρθοῦτον ὀρθοῦμεν ὀρθοῦτε ὀρθοῦσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ὀρθῶ ὀρθοῖς ὀρθοῖ ὀρθῶτον ὀρθῶτον ὀρθῶμεν ὀρθῶτε ὀρθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ὀρθοίην / ὀρθοῖμῐ ὀρθοίης / ὀρθοῖς ὀρθοίη / ὀρθοῖ ὀρθοῖτον / ὀρθοίητον ὀρθοίτην / ὀρθοιήτην ὀρθοῖμεν / ὀρθοίημεν ὀρθοῖτε / ὀρθοίητε ὀρθοῖεν / ὀρθοίησᾰν
imperative   ὄρθου ὀρθούτω ὀρθοῦτον ὀρθούτων   ὀρθοῦτε ὀρθούντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ὀρθοῦμαι ὀρθοῖ ὀρθοῦται ὀρθοῦσθον ὀρθοῦσθον ὀρθούμεθᾰ ὀρθοῦσθε ὀρθοῦνται
subjunctive ὀρθῶμαι ὀρθοῖ ὀρθῶται ὀρθῶσθον ὀρθῶσθον ὀρθώμεθᾰ ὀρθῶσθε ὀρθῶνται
optative ὀρθοίμην ὀρθοῖο ὀρθοῖτο ὀρθοῖσθον ὀρθοίσθην ὀρθοίμεθᾰ ὀρθοῖσθε ὀρθοῖντο
imperative   ὀρθοῦ ὀρθούσθω ὀρθοῦσθον ὀρθούσθων   ὀρθοῦσθε ὀρθούσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ὀρθοῦν ὀρθοῦσθαι
participle m ὀρθῶν ὀρθούμενος
f ὀρθοῦσᾰ ὀρθουμένη
n ὀρθοῦν ὀρθούμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ὤρθουν, ὠρθούμην (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ὤρθουν ὤρθους ὤρθου ὠρθοῦτον ὠρθούτην ὠρθοῦμεν ὠρθοῦτε ὤρθουν
middle/
passive 		indicative ὠρθούμην ὠρθοῦ ὠρθοῦτο ὠρθοῦσθον ὠρθούσθην ὠρθούμεθᾰ ὠρθοῦσθε ὠρθοῦντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ὤρθωσᾰ, ὠρθωσᾰ́μην, ὠρθώθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ὤρθωσᾰ ὤρθωσᾰς ὤρθωσε(ν) ὠρθώσᾰτον ὠρθωσᾰ́την ὠρθώσᾰμεν ὠρθώσᾰτε ὤρθωσᾰν
subjunctive ὀρθώσω ὀρθώσῃς ὀρθώσῃ ὀρθώσητον ὀρθώσητον ὀρθώσωμεν ὀρθώσητε ὀρθώσωσῐ(ν)
optative ὀρθώσαιμῐ ὀρθώσειᾰς / ὀρθώσαις ὀρθώσειε(ν) / ὀρθώσαι ὀρθώσαιτον ὀρθωσαίτην ὀρθώσαιμεν ὀρθώσαιτε ὀρθώσειᾰν / ὀρθώσαιεν
imperative   ὄρθωσον ὀρθωσᾰ́τω ὀρθώσᾰτον ὀρθωσᾰ́των   ὀρθώσᾰτε ὀρθωσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ὠρθωσᾰ́μην ὠρθώσω ὠρθώσᾰτο ὠρθώσᾰσθον ὠρθωσᾰ́σθην ὠρθωσᾰ́μεθᾰ ὠρθώσᾰσθε ὠρθώσᾰντο
subjunctive ὀρθώσωμαι ὀρθώσῃ ὀρθώσηται ὀρθώσησθον ὀρθώσησθον ὀρθωσώμεθᾰ ὀρθώσησθε ὀρθώσωνται
optative ὀρθωσαίμην ὀρθώσαιο ὀρθώσαιτο ὀρθώσαισθον ὀρθωσαίσθην ὀρθωσαίμεθᾰ ὀρθώσαισθε ὀρθώσαιντο
imperative   ὄρθωσαι ὀρθωσᾰ́σθω ὀρθώσᾰσθον ὀρθωσᾰ́σθων   ὀρθώσᾰσθε ὀρθωσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ὠρθώθην ὠρθώθης ὠρθώθη ὠρθώθητον ὠρθωθήτην ὠρθώθημεν ὠρθώθητε ὠρθώθησᾰν
subjunctive ὀρθωθῶ ὀρθωθῇς ὀρθωθῇ ὀρθωθῆτον ὀρθωθῆτον ὀρθωθῶμεν ὀρθωθῆτε ὀρθωθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ὀρθωθείην ὀρθωθείης ὀρθωθείη ὀρθωθεῖτον / ὀρθωθείητον ὀρθωθείτην / ὀρθωθειήτην ὀρθωθεῖμεν / ὀρθωθείημεν ὀρθωθεῖτε / ὀρθωθείητε ὀρθωθεῖεν / ὀρθωθείησᾰν
imperative   ὀρθώθητῐ ὀρθωθήτω ὀρθώθητον ὀρθωθήτων   ὀρθώθητε ὀρθωθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ὀρθῶσαι ὀρθώσᾰσθαι ὀρθωθῆναι
participle m ὀρθώσᾱς ὀρθωσᾰ́μενος ὀρθωθείς
f ὀρθώσᾱσᾰ ὀρθωσᾰμένη ὀρθωθεῖσᾰ
n ὀρθῶσᾰν ὀρθωσᾰ́μενον ὀρθωθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

  • ὄρθωσις (órthōsis)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὀρθός (> DER > 6. a) ὀρθόω )”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1101

Further reading

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