ὠκύς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ὠκήεις (ōkḗeis) — Koine, poetic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁oh₁ḱús (“quick, swift”). Cognate with Sanskrit आशु (āśú) and Latin ocior, and possibly related to ἵππος (híppos, “horse”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɔː.kýs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /oˈkys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /oˈcys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /oˈcys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /oˈcis/

Adjective

ὠκῠ́ς • (ōkŭ́s) m (feminine ὠκεῖᾰ, neuter ὠκῠ́); first/third declension

(chiefly poetic) fast, swift, quick
(with accusative of respect, in the epithet πόδας ὠκύς (pódas ōkús), referring to Achilles) swift of foot, swift-footed
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.84:
  Τὸν δ’ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς·
  Tòn d’ apameibómenos proséphē pódas ōkùs Akhilleús;
  Answering him, swift-footed Achilles said to [him]:

Inflection

The feminine singular ὠκέᾰ (ōkéă) is used by Homer for metrical reasons, especially in the phrase (πόδας) ὠκέᾰ Ἶρῐς ((pódas) ōkéă Îrĭs) (short–short—long–short–short—long–long), used at the end of a line, where ὠκεῖᾰ (ōkeîă) would yield an unmetrical short–short—long–long–short–long–long.

First and third declension of ὠκῠ́ς; ὠκεῖᾰ; ὠκῠ́ (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὠκῠ́ς ōkŭ́s	ὠκεῖᾰ ōkeîă	ὠκῠ́ ōkŭ́	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκείᾱ ōkeíā	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκεῖς ōkeîs	ὠκεῖαι ōkeîai	ὠκέᾰ ōkéă
Genitive	ὠκέος ōkéos	ὠκείᾱς ōkeíās	ὠκέος ōkéos	ὠκέοιν ōkéoin	ὠκείαιν ōkeíain	ὠκέοιν ōkéoin	ὠκέων ōkéōn	ὠκειῶν ōkeiôn	ὠκέων ōkéōn
Dative	ὠκεῖ ōkeî	ὠκείᾳ ōkeíāi	ὠκεῖ ōkeî	ὠκέοιν ōkéoin	ὠκείαιν ōkeíain	ὠκέοιν ōkéoin	ὠκέσῐ / ὠκέσῐν ōkésĭ(n)	ὠκείαις ōkeíais	ὠκέσῐ / ὠκέσῐν ōkésĭ(n)
Accusative	ὠκῠ́ν ōkŭ́n	ὠκεῖᾰν ōkeîăn	ὠκῠ́ ōkŭ́	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκείᾱ ōkeíā	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκεῖς ōkeîs	ὠκείᾱς ōkeíās	ὠκέᾰ ōkéă
Vocative	ὠκῠ́ ōkŭ́	ὠκεῖᾰ ōkeîă	ὠκῠ́ ōkŭ́	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκείᾱ ōkeíā	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκεῖς ōkeîs	ὠκεῖαι ōkeîai	ὠκέᾰ ōkéă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὠκέως ōkéōs			ὠκῠ́τερος ōkŭ́teros			ὠκῠ́τᾰτος ōkŭ́tătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and third declension of ὠκῠ́ς; ὠκέᾰ; ὠκῠ́ (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὠκῠ́ς ōkŭ́s	ὠκέᾰ ōkéă	ὠκῠ́ ōkŭ́	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκείᾱ ōkeíā	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκέες ōkées	ὠκεῖαι ōkeîai	ὠκέᾰ ōkéă
Genitive	ὠκέος ōkéos	ὠκείης ōkeíēs	ὠκέος ōkéos	ὠκέοιν / ὠκέοιῐν ōkéoi(ĭ)n	ὠκείαιν / ὠκείαιῐν / ὠκείῃῐν ōkeíai(ĭ)n / ōkeíēiĭn	ὠκέοιν / ὠκέοιῐν ōkéoi(ĭ)n	ὠκέων ōkéōn	ὠκειᾱ́ων / ὠκειέ͜ων / ὠκειῶν ōkeiā́ōn / ōkeié͜ōn / ōkeiôn	ὠκέων ōkéōn
Dative	ὠκεῖ ōkeî	ὠκείῃ ōkeíēi	ὠκεῖ ōkeî	ὠκέοιν / ὠκέοιῐν ōkéoi(ĭ)n	ὠκείαιν / ὠκείαιῐν / ὠκείῃῐν ōkeíai(ĭ)n / ōkeíēiĭn	ὠκέοιν / ὠκέοιῐν ōkéoi(ĭ)n	ὠκέεσσῐ / ὠκέεσσῐν / ὠκέεσῐ / ὠκέεσῐν / ὠκέσῐ / ὠκέσῐν ōkéessĭ(n) / ōkéesĭ(n) / ōkésĭ(n)	ὠκείῃσῐ / ὠκείῃσῐν / ὠκείῃς / ὠκείαις ōkeíēisĭ(n) / ōkeíēis / ōkeíais	ὠκέεσσῐ / ὠκέεσσῐν / ὠκέεσῐ / ὠκέεσῐν / ὠκέσῐ / ὠκέσῐν ōkéessĭ(n) / ōkéesĭ(n) / ōkésĭ(n)
Accusative	ὠκῠ́ν ōkŭ́n	ὠκεῖᾰν ōkeîăn	ὠκῠ́ ōkŭ́	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκείᾱ ōkeíā	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκέᾰς ōkéăs	ὠκείᾱς ōkeíās	ὠκέᾰ ōkéă
Vocative	ὠκῠ́ ōkŭ́	ὠκέᾰ ōkéă	ὠκῠ́ ōkŭ́	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκείᾱ ōkeíā	ὠκέε ōkée	ὠκέες ōkées	ὠκεῖαι ōkeîai	ὠκέᾰ ōkéă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὠκέως ōkéōs			ὠκῠ́τερος ōkŭ́teros			ὠκῠ́τᾰτος ōkŭ́tătos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Synonyms

ταχύς (takhús)

Derived terms

ποδώκης (podṓkēs)
ὠκύπορος (ōkúporos)
ὠκύροος (ōkúroos)

Related terms

ὀξύς (oxús)
ἀκή (akḗ)
ἀκμή (akmḗ)

References

“ὠκύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὠκύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ὠκύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ὠκύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ὠκύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ὠκύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- fast idem, page 308.
- fleet idem, page 327.
- hasty idem, page 387.
- nimble idem, page 558.
- quick idem, page 665.
- swift idem, page 848.