みやび

Japanese

Alternative spelling
雅

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]

Derived as the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb みやぶ (“to be courtly, elegant, refined, high-quality”), in turn from 宮 (miya, “palace, imperial court”) + ぶ (bu, verb-forming suffix with a meaning of "to seem like, to have that quality").[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) みやび [mìyábí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [mʲija̠bʲi]

Adjective

みやび • (miyabi) ←みやび (myabi)?-na (adnominal みやびな (miyabi na), adverbial みやびに (miyabi ni))

  1. [from 720] courtly, elegant, refined, high-quality

Usage notes

Also found in the oldest sources with the -to / -taru inflection used with adjectives such as 堂々 (dōdō, “grand, stately, imposing”).

Inflection

Inflection of みやび
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) みやびだろ miyabi daro
Continuative (連用形) みやびで miyabi de
Terminal (終止形) みやびだ miyabi da
Attributive (連体形) みやびな miyabi na
Hypothetical (仮定形) みやびなら miyabi nara
Imperative (命令形) みやびであれ miyabi de are
Key constructions
Informal negative みやびではない
みやびじゃない 		miyabi de wa nai
miyabi ja nai
Informal past みやびだった miyabi datta
Informal negative past みやびではなかった
みやびじゃなかった 		miyabi de wa nakatta
miyabi ja nakatta
Formal みやびです miyabi desu
Formal negative みやびではありません
みやびじゃありません 		miyabi de wa arimasen
miyabi ja arimasen
Formal past みやびでした miyabi deshita
Formal negative past みやびではありませんでした
みやびじゃありませんでした 		miyabi de wa arimasen deshita
miyabi ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive みやびで miyabi de
Conditional みやびなら（ば） miyabi nara (ba)
Provisional みやびだったら miyabi dattara
Volitional みやびだろう miyabi darō
Adverbial みやびに miyabi ni
Degree みやびさ miyabisa

Coordinate terms

  • さとび (satobi)

Noun

みやび • (miyabi) ←みやび (myabi)?

  1. [from 720] courtliness, elegance, refinement, high quality

Synonyms

Proper noun

For pronunciation and definitions of みやび – see the following entry.
【雅美まさみ】
[proper noun] a female given name
Alternative spellings
まみ, まさえ, もとみ, がび
(This term, みやび (miyabi), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.)
For a list of all kanji read as みやび, see Category:Japanese kanji read as みやび.)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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