亂彈
See also: 乱弹
Chinese
| in confusion; disorderly | bullet; shot; ball bullet; shot; ball; to play (a stringed instrument); to pluck a string; impeach | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (亂彈) | 亂 | 彈 | |
| simp. (乱弹) | 乱 | 弹 | |
| Literally: “chaotic/disorderly plucking”. | |||
Etymology
An originally derogatory term referring to the tuning system of seven equal divisions of the octave used by local Chinese opera/theater forms during the Qing Dynasty; this system was regarded by some as inferior to the Pythagorean system of tuning, with its twelve divisions of the octave, which had been used during the Ming Dynasty.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lyun6 taan4
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lān-thân
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lonn5 dan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: luàntán
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄢˋ ㄊㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: luàntán
- Wade–Giles: luan4-tʻan2
- Yale: lwàn-tán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luanntarn
- Palladius: луаньтань (luanʹtanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lu̯än⁵¹ tʰän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lyun6 taan4
- Yale: lyuhn tàahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: lyn6 taan4
- Guangdong Romanization: lün6 tan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lyːn²² tʰaːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lān-thân
- Tâi-lô: lān-thân
- Phofsit Daibuun: laxntaan
- IPA (Xiamen): /lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lan⁴¹⁻²² tʰan²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan²²⁻²¹ tʰan¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /lan³³⁻¹¹ tʰan²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lan³³⁻²¹ tʰan²³/
- (Hokkien)
- Xiang
Noun
亂彈
- (mid-Qing dynasty, derogatory) various forms of local Chinese opera that arose during that time
- (music) Alternative name for 秦腔 (Qínqiāng, “Qinqiang; Shaanxi opera”).
- (music) Alternative name for 北管戲／北管戏.
- (Xiang, music) one of the two major types of vocal music in Hunanese opera