先んじる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 先 |
| さき Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) さきんずる [sàkíńzúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) さきんずる [sàkíńzúrú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [sa̠kʲĩnd͡zɨɾɯ̟]
Verb
先んじる • (sakinjiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 先んじ (sakinji), past 先んじた (sakinjita))
- come before; precede; have a head start; be anterior to
Conjugation
Conjugation of "先んじる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 先んじ | さきんじ | sakinji | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 先んじ | さきんじ | sakinji | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 先んじる | さきんじる | sakinjiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 先んじる | さきんじる | sakinjiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 先んじれ | さきんじれ | sakinjire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 先んじよ¹ 先んじろ² |
さきんじよ¹ さきんじろ² |
sakinjiyo¹ sakinjiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 先んじられる | さきんじられる | sakinjirareru | |
| Causative | 先んじさせる 先んじさす |
さきんじさせる さきんじさす |
sakinjisaseru sakinjisasu | |
| Potential | 先んじられる 先んじれる³ |
さきんじられる さきんじれる³ |
sakinjirareru sakinjireru³ | |
| Volitional | 先んじよう | さきんじよう | sakinjiyō | |
| Negative | 先んじない 先んじぬ 先んじん |
さきんじない さきんじぬ さきんじん |
sakinjinai sakinjinu sakinjin | |
| Negative continuative | 先んじず | さきんじず | sakinjizu | |
| Formal | 先んじます | さきんじます | sakinjimasu | |
| Perfective | 先んじた | さきんじた | sakinjita | |
| Conjunctive | 先んじて | さきんじて | sakinjite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 先んじれば | さきんじれば | sakinjireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Synonyms
- 先んずる (sakinzuru)
Antonyms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN