厳し
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 厳 |
| きび Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 嚴し (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kʲibʲiɕi]
Adjective
厳し • (kibishi) †-shiku
- tightly packed, close together, without gaps
- c. 790: Daihannya-kyō Ongi (Ishiyamadera manuscript, page 33)
- 稠密 [...] 倭言伎比之
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 790: Daihannya-kyō Ongi (Ishiyamadera manuscript, page 33)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "厳し" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 厳く[1] 厳から[2] |
きびく きびから |
kibiku kibikara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 厳く[1] 厳かり[2] |
きびく きびかり |
kibiku kibikari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 厳し | きびし | kibisi | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 厳き 厳かる |
きびき きびかる |
kibiki kibikaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 厳けれ | きびけれ | kibikere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 厳かれ | きびかれ | kibikare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 厳からず | きびからず | kibikarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 厳けれど | きびけれど | kibikeredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 厳ければ | きびければ | kibikereba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 厳くば | きびくば | kibikuba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 厳かりき | きびかりき | kibikariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 厳かりけり | きびかりけり | kibikarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 厳く | きびく | kibiku | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
Classical conjugation of "厳し" (シク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 厳しく[1] 厳しから[2] |
きびしく きびしから |
kibisiku kibisikara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 厳しく[1] 厳しかり[2] |
きびしく きびしかり |
kibisiku kibisikari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 厳し | きびし | kibisi | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 厳しき 厳しかる |
きびしき きびしかる |
kibisiki kibisikaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 厳しけれ | きびしけれ | kibisikere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 厳しかれ | きびしかれ | kibisikare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 厳しからず | きびしからず | kibisikarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 厳しけれど | きびしけれど | kibisikeredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 厳しければ | きびしければ | kibisikereba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 厳しくば | きびしくば | kibisikuba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 厳しかりき | きびしかりき | kibisikariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 厳しかりけり | きびしかりけり | kibisikarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 厳しく | きびしく | kibisiku | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
Derived terms
References
- Tsukishima, Hiroshi (c. 790) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 3: Daihannya-kyō Ongi, Daihannya-kyō Jishō (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN