噦る
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 噦 |
| しゃく Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
Shift from 噦る (sakuru).[1][2][3][4]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) しゃくる [shàkúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][5]
- (Tokyo) しゃくる [shàkúrú] (Heiban – [0])[2][5]
- IPA(key): [ɕa̠kɯ̟ɾɯ̟]
Verb
噦る • (shakuru) ←しやくる (syakuru)?intransitive godan (stem 噦り (shakuri), past 噦った (shakutta))
- to hiccup (to rapidly breathe in due to spasms of the diaphragm)
- to sob convulsively
Conjugation
Conjugation of "噦る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 噦ら | しゃくら | shakura |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 噦り | しゃくり | shakuri |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 噦る | しゃくる | shakuru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 噦る | しゃくる | shakuru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 噦れ | しゃくれ | shakure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 噦れ | しゃくれ | shakure |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 噦られる | しゃくられる | shakurareru |
| Causative | 噦らせる 噦らす |
しゃくらせる しゃくらす |
shakuraseru shakurasu |
| Potential | 噦れる | しゃくれる | shakureru |
| Volitional | 噦ろう | しゃくろう | shakurō |
| Negative | 噦らない | しゃくらない | shakuranai |
| Negative continuative | 噦らず | しゃくらず | shakurazu |
| Formal | 噦ります | しゃくります | shakurimasu |
| Perfective | 噦った | しゃくった | shakutta |
| Conjunctive | 噦って | しゃくって | shakutte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 噦れば | しゃくれば | shakureba |
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 噦 |
| さく Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation
Verb
噦る • (sakuru) intransitive †yodan
- to hiccup (to rapidly breathe in due to spasms of the diaphragm)
- to sob convulsively
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "噦る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 噦ら | さくら | sakura |
| Continuative (連用形) | 噦り | さくり | sakuri |
| Terminal (終止形) | 噦る | さくる | sakuru |
| Attributive (連体形) | 噦る | さくる | sakuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 噦れ | さくれ | sakure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 噦れ | さくれ | sakure |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 噦らず | さくらず | sakurazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 噦れど | さくれど | sakuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 噦れば | さくれば | sakureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 噦らば | さくらば | sakuraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 噦りき | さくりき | sakuriki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 噦りけり | さくりけり | sakurikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 噦りつ | さくりつ | sakuritu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 噦りぬ | さくりぬ | sakurinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 噦れり 噦りたり |
さくれり さくりたり |
sakureri sakuritari |
| Volitional | 噦らむ | さくらむ | sakuramu |
Derived terms
- 噦り (sakuri)
- 噦る (shakuru)
References
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN