宦

宦	U+5BA6, 宦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BA6

← 宥
[U+5BA5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

宧 →
[U+5BA7]

Translingual

Han character

宦 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十尸中中 (JSLL), four-corner 3071₇, composition ⿱宀臣)

Derived characters

𫐸, 𮅬

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 285, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7138
Dae Jaweon: page 563, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 924, character 1
Unihan data for U+5BA6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		宦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宦
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 宀 (“house”) + 臣 (“servant”) – slave; servant.

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (“slave; servant”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huàn (huan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fon

(Hailu, HRS): fon^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): fon⁴
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huang⁵ / huong⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hoān

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁶ / huêng⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
  - Wade–Giles: huan⁴
  - Yale: hwàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
  - Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯än⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: waan⁶
  - Yale: waahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: wan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fon
  - Hakka Romanization System: fon
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fon⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fon^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /fon¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fɔn⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huang⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: huāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huong⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
  - Tâi-lô: huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁶ / huêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng / huĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³⁵/, /hueŋ³⁵/

Note:

huang6 - Shantou;
huêng6 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: hwaenH

Rime
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡慣切
Baxter	hwaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/ɣuan^H/
Wang Li	/ɣwan^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣwan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kʷˤ<r>a[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hwæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kʷˁ<r>a[n]-s/
English	servant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
No.	5361
Phonetic component
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	患
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷraːns/

Definitions

宦

Compounds

世嗣宦族
仕宦 (shìhuàn)
名宦
奄宦
官宦 (guānhuàn)
官宦人家
官宦氣息 / 官宦气息
宦人
宦囊
宦女
宦學 / 宦学
宦官 (huànguān)
宦情
宦海 (huànhǎi)
宦豎 / 宦竖 (huànshù)
宦途 (huàntú)
宦遊 / 宦游 (huànyóu)
宦達 / 宦达
宦門 / 宦门
巧宦
年宦
游宦 (yóuhuàn)
素宦
羈宦 / 羁宦
薄宦
謫宦 / 谪宦
豎宦 / 竖宦
達官顯宦 / 达官显宦
鄉宦 / 乡宦
門宦 / 门宦 (ménhuàn)
閹宦 / 阉宦 (yānhuàn)
顯宦 / 显宦

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “宦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

Japanese

Kanji

宦

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kun: つかえる (tsukaeru, 宦える)、まなぶ (manabu)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 宦 (MC hwaenH). Recorded as Middle Korean 환〯 (hwǎn) (Yale: hwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

宦 (eumhun 벼슬 환 (byeoseul hwan))

hanja form^? of 환 (“eunuch”)

Compounds

내환 (內宦, naehwan)
환관 (宦官, hwan'gwan)
환시 (宦侍, hwansi)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

宦: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.