密陀僧

Chinese

FWOTD – 18 September 2016

			monk
simp. and trad. (密陀僧)		密陀	僧
alternative forms		蜜陀僧沒多僧／没多僧彌陀僧／弥陀僧蜜陀曾

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian (mordâr-sang, “dross of lead; protoxide of lead; litharge”), compound of (mordâr, “dead, unclean, impure”) and (sang, “stone”).

Compare Urdu مرداسنگ (murdā-sang) (colloquial), Urdu مردارسنگ (murdār-sang, “litharge”), Hindi मुरदासंख (murdāsaṅkh, “litharge; yellow pigment”), Sanskrit मोदारशृङ्ग (modāraśṛṅga, “litharge”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mìtuósēng

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mat⁶ to⁴ zang¹ / mat⁶ to⁴ sang¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bi̍t-tô-cheng
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸miq-du-sen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mìtuósēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mìtuóseng
  - Wade–Giles: mi⁴-tʻo²-sêng¹
  - Yale: mì-twó-sēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mihtwoseng
  - Palladius: митосэн (mitosɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mat⁶ to⁴ zang¹ / mat⁶ to⁴ sang¹
  - Yale: maht tòh jāng / maht tòh sāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mat⁹ to⁴ dzang¹ / mat⁹ to⁴ sang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: med⁶ to⁴ zeng¹ / med⁶ to⁴ seng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐt̚² tʰɔː²¹ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /mɐt̚² tʰɔː²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bi̍t-tô-cheng
  - Tâi-lô: bi̍t-tô-tsing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biddoizefng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bit̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸miq-du-sen
  - MiniDict: mih^入 du sen
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵miq-du-sen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /miɪʔ¹¹ du²² sən²³/

Middle Chinese: mit da song

Rime
Character	密	陀	僧
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	定 (7)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	質 (49)	歌 (94)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I	I
Fanqie	美畢切	徒河切	蘇增切
Baxter	mit	da	song
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiɪt̚/	/dɑ/	/səŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚit̚/	/dɑ/	/səŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/miet̚/	/dɑ/	/səŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjit̚/	/da/	/səŋ/
Li Rong	/mjĕt̚/	/dɑ/	/səŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭĕt̚/	/dɑ/	/səŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ĕt̚/	/dʱɑ/	/səŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mì	tuó	sēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mat⁶	to⁴	sang¹

Noun

密陀僧

(mineralogy, traditional Chinese medicine) litharge; lithargyrum; lead monoxide
- 密陀僧，《本經》不載所出州土。注云出波斯國。今嶺南、閩中銀銅冶處亦有之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  密陀僧，《本经》不载所出州土。注云出波斯国。今岭南、闽中银铜冶处亦有之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Tang Shenwei, Zhenglei Bencao [a TCM compendium], ca. 1082–1098.
  Mìtuósēng, “Běnjīng” bù zǎi suǒ chū zhōutǔ. Zhù yún chū Bōsīguó. Jīn Lǐngnán, Mǐnzhōng yíntóng yěchù yì yǒu zhī. [Pinyin]
  Mituoseng: Benjing [a TCM compendium] did not record places (in China) where this was found, and the annotation therein considers its place of origin as Persia. Nowadays, it is found in Lingnan [Southern China] and Central Fujian, at the site of silver and copper smelting.

Synonyms

一氧化鉛／一氧化铅 (yīyǎnghuàqiān)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (密陀僧):

→ Japanese: 密陀僧(みつだそう) (mitsudasō)
→ Korean: 밀타승(密陀僧) (miltaseung)
→ Vietnamese: mật đà tăng (密陀僧)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
密	陀	僧
みつ Grade: 6	だ Jinmeiyō	そう Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) みつだそー [mìtsúdáꜜsòò] (Nakadaka – [3])
IPA^(key): [mʲit͡sɨda̠so̞ː]

Noun

密(みつ)陀(だ)僧(そう) • (mitsudasō)

litharge, lead monoxide
Synonym: 酸化鉛 (sankanamari, “lead monoxide”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
密	陀	僧

Noun

密陀僧 • (miltaseung) (hangeul 밀타승)

hanja form^? of 밀타승 (“litharge”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
密	陀	僧

Noun

密陀僧

chữ Hán form of mật đà tăng (“litharge”)